<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010</id><updated>2012-01-08T18:42:07.444-08:00</updated><category term='haiti'/><category term='transhumanism'/><category term='grace under pressure'/><category term='i walk to kill depression'/><category term='Even Flow'/><category term='socialist rock'/><category term='failed-ideology'/><category term='ugly dumb people'/><category term='the will to power'/><category term='holocaust denial'/><category term='baptists are jews'/><category term='real israel are the poor workers'/><category term='sara palin'/><category term='nationalize mcdonalds and pizza hut'/><category term='Trotsky'/><category term='secrety mysteries of america&apos;s beginnings'/><category term='obama fraud'/><category term='satan'/><category term='9-11 was done by jews'/><category term='hillbillies'/><category term='jesus christ'/><category term='Jews'/><category term='americans hate wealth'/><category term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category term='nazis'/><category term='carl jung'/><category term='greed'/><category term='the superman'/><category term='americans hate JFK'/><category term='maynard james keenan'/><category term='socialism'/><category term='moving to uruguay'/><category term='rednecks'/><category term='tea party terrorists'/><category term='playstations'/><category term='moving to cuba'/><category term='the fall of america'/><category term='americans hate socialism'/><category term='boredom'/><category term='weight training kills depression'/><category term='americans are depressed'/><category term='46 and 2'/><category term='Hollywood movies'/><category term='ancient greeks were bodybuilders'/><category term='united socialist front'/><category term='americans love poverty'/><category term='bulimia'/><category term='subdivisions'/><category term='alex lifeson'/><category term='philosophy'/><category term='neoliberal hell'/><category term='depression'/><category term='marx'/><category term='dumb americans'/><category term='weight-training'/><category term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category term='cicis'/><category term='american women are lesbians'/><category term='low-carb'/><category term='immorality'/><category term='evil jews'/><category term='living in usa is depressive'/><category term='socialism is the kingdom of god'/><category term='jews came from monkeys and pigs'/><category term='neo'/><category term='workers world party'/><category term='dr. eades'/><category term='simon bolivar'/><category term='Honda'/><category term='workers control'/><category term='alex jones'/><category term='existential boredom'/><category term='poverty'/><category term='mcdonalds'/><category term='glenn beck'/><category term='capitalism'/><category term='1776'/><category term='jim morrison'/><category term='lieberman'/><category term='bush'/><category term='bilderbergs'/><category term='usa is sad'/><category term='Wal Mart'/><category term='anarchists'/><category term='jeff rense'/><category term='duncan hines'/><category term='Rush'/><category term='sensory deprivation'/><category term='brad pitt'/><category term='american christian churches are satanics'/><category term='capitalism and other kids stuff'/><category term='zoloft'/><category term='hitler'/><category term='satanic jews'/><category term='digiornos pizza'/><category term='USA'/><category term='americans love Wal Mart'/><category term='cake slavery'/><category term='zionism'/><category term='ugliness'/><category term='Golden Corral Fat Buffets'/><category term='southern bakery'/><category term='i love muslims'/><category term='lesbian fascism'/><category term='jack daniels'/><category term='fake-christianity'/><category term='nirvana'/><category term='cuban paradise'/><category term='Anarchism'/><category term='the shadow'/><category term='pecan pies'/><category term='wars'/><category term='home-gyms'/><category term='synagogue of satan'/><category term='antisocial'/><category term='shakira'/><category term='conformity'/><category term='The cure'/><category term='guns'/><category term='americans hate marx'/><category term='science'/><category term='Republican Party voters'/><category term='obesity'/><category term='second coming of christ'/><category term='usa is a hell'/><category term='tool'/><category term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><category term='joe weider'/><category term='fake-terrorism'/><category term='david icke'/><category term='nietzsche'/><category term='william shatner is cool'/><category term='aipac'/><category term='physical perfection'/><category term='the matrix'/><category term='long nose jews'/><category term='washington jefferson lincoln betrayed'/><category term='signals'/><category term='the doors'/><category term='sex is evil'/><category term='free medicine'/><category term='conspiracy theory'/><category term='jews are extraterrestrials'/><category term='jessica alba'/><category term='socialist-rapture'/><category term='neil peart'/><category term='Time travel'/><category term='existential vaccum'/><category term='george washington'/><category term='binge-eating'/><category term='wake up'/><category term='gyms'/><category term='dumbness'/><category term='Angelina Jolie'/><category term='art is the great anti-depressant of life'/><category term='stalin'/><category term='pancakes'/><category term='Israeli pigs'/><category term='hugo chavez is a saint'/><category term='Sarah Palin'/><title type='text'>TENNESSEE-CHAVIZTAS</title><subtitle type='html'>This blogger is specifically for the need to create in Tennessee a Tennessee Socialist Party allied with the Fifth International and with the Venezuelan Bolivarian Revolution, with the main goals of saving the Tennessee citizens from the 2 evil enemies that are destroying the living standards of the middle and lower classes of Tennessee: ISRAEL + CAPITALISM !!</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>229</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-647676741388270686</id><published>2011-01-02T23:48:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-02T23:48:46.369-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism and other kids stuff'/><title type='text'>WATCH THIS MOVIE ABOUT HOW EVIL THE CAPITALISM SYSTEM IS</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/grgXl7xWAg" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="382" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-647676741388270686?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/647676741388270686/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2011/01/watch-this-movie-about-how-evil.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/647676741388270686'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/647676741388270686'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2011/01/watch-this-movie-about-how-evil.html' title='WATCH THIS MOVIE ABOUT HOW EVIL THE CAPITALISM SYSTEM IS'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-279162615324007406</id><published>2010-06-12T12:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-12T12:23:14.642-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the fall of america'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='workers world party'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><title type='text'>WATCH THESE 3 VIDEOS ON THE FALL OF CAPITALISM AND ITS REPLACEMENT BY SOCIALISM IN USA !!</title><content type='html'>PART 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gb_hBQI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PART 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gb_hMwI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PART 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gb_gUgI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-279162615324007406?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/279162615324007406/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/watch-these-3-videos-on-fall-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/279162615324007406'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/279162615324007406'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/watch-these-3-videos-on-fall-of.html' title='WATCH THESE 3 VIDEOS ON THE FALL OF CAPITALISM AND ITS REPLACEMENT BY SOCIALISM IN USA !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-1453546130953026124</id><published>2010-06-11T20:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-11T20:43:17.835-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='satanic jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rednecks'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Republican Party voters'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Golden Corral Fat Buffets'/><title type='text'>FIGHTING FASCISM, CAPITALISM AND SATAN IN THE GLOBAL CAPITALIST SATANIC CRISIS !!</title><content type='html'>PART 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15geGSdQI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PART 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15geGVAQI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PART 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15geGYcQI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-1453546130953026124?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/1453546130953026124/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/fighting-fascism-capitalism-and-satan.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/1453546130953026124'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/1453546130953026124'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/fighting-fascism-capitalism-and-satan.html' title='FIGHTING FASCISM, CAPITALISM AND SATAN IN THE GLOBAL CAPITALIST SATANIC CRISIS !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-4456013807176695438</id><published>2010-06-11T20:37:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-11T20:38:55.915-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialism is the kingdom of god'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><title type='text'>WATCH ECONOMIST FRED GOLDSTEIN ABOUT THE EUROPEAN STAGE OF THE CAPITALIST CRISIS</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gd%2BfOAI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EUROPE IS AT THE EDGE OF AN OBJECTIVE REVOLUTIONARY SITUATION&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-4456013807176695438?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/4456013807176695438/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/watch-economist-fred-goldstein-about.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/4456013807176695438'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/4456013807176695438'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/watch-economist-fred-goldstein-about.html' title='WATCH ECONOMIST FRED GOLDSTEIN ABOUT THE EUROPEAN STAGE OF THE CAPITALIST CRISIS'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-112283125103332383</id><published>2010-06-11T15:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-11T15:54:09.443-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='satanic jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialism is the kingdom of god'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='zionism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='holocaust denial'/><title type='text'>THE VENEZUELAN GOVERNMENT INVESTIGATES THE CORRUPTION IN STATE-OWNED SUPERMARKETS</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/TBK-ehO1mLI/AAAAAAAAAf8/Ztuw5XL9p2Q/s1600/Pdval-aporrea1_0.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5481653127989270706" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 191px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/TBK-ehO1mLI/AAAAAAAAAf8/Ztuw5XL9p2Q/s320/Pdval-aporrea1_0.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;By James Suggett - &lt;a href="http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/"&gt;http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/5422"&gt;http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/5422&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mérida, June 11th 2010 (Venezuelanalysis.com) – The Venezuelan Attorney General’s Office arrested the general manager and executive director of operations of the state-owned PDVAL food company for their alleged involvement in a food hoarding scandal. Meanwhile, workers marched throughout the week to show their support for the company, which continues to distribute 1,000 tons of food per day at regulated prices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Attorney General Luisa Ortega said the four investigators who were assigned to the case arrested PDVAL General Manager Ronald Flores and Executive Director of Operations Vileska Betancourt on charges of food hoarding and criminal negligence, which violate the Law for the Defense of People’s Access to Goods and Services and the Law on Corruption.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The investigators searched PDVAL’s headquarters, interrogated President Virginia Mares and other company officials, and obtained arrest warrants for two more company officials this week, Ortega said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“The investigation continues. New subpoenas, interrogations, searches, and arrest warrants are not out of the picture. This is a meticulous investigation and it is just getting started,” Ortega said in a press conference on Thursday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Towards the end of May, authorities from the national intelligence agency SEBIN found a total of 2,334 containers of expired food in storage facilities that contracted with PDVAL in the states of Carabobo and Cojedes. On June 3rd, SEBIN officers arrested the former president of the company, Luis Pulido, on charges of food hoarding.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the investigation is being carried out, Ortega called on company employees and everyday citizens to report to the Attorney General’s Office any irregularities they detect in PDVAL.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One such citizen named Heartfriend Peña told the Venezuelan alternative news agency Aporrea on Thursday that he was fired from his job at the state-owned Vexima company after he reported the existence of 414 containers of unaccounted food in PDVAL storage facilities.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vexima provides export, import, storage, and distribution services to PDVAL and other state-owned food companies. The company told Peña he was fired for abandoning his post, but Peña said he was on leave and protected by the Social Security law.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Peña, his firing was an act of “political retaliation” by corrupt company officials who represent the right wing, profit-seeking mafia within the state-owned food sector. Aporrea channeled his message to President Hugo Chavez, who has repeatedly declared himself in favor of workers in struggles against the management of both privately and publicly owned companies:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Mr. President, I continue being Chavista [a Chavez supporter], but this situation that occurred here should be investigated in depth. Even though I won’t be working here I would like the company to be investigated. The management took this initiative against me for having made an accusation, and that means that they have their hands immersed in the case,” Peña pleaded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Throughout the past week, thousands of workers from PDVAL and Venezuela’s state oil company, PDVSA, which administers PDVAL, held marches in various cities to express their support for government programs that guarantee access to affordable food.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“PDVSA workers are with the revolution and with Chavez and we will continue moving forward. Things must be put in context. The issue at hand is joining with the people to combat the oligarchy that is in the large industrial sectors of the country,” said Energy and Petroleum Minister Rafael Ramirez during a march with 8,000 oil industry workers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Henrique Salas Romer, the governor of Carabobo state and a leader of the anti-Chavez opposition, said the PDVAL scandal is a sign of the incompetence of the Chavez government.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“While food rots in a PDVAL storage facility, the national government directs its actions toward looking for a guilty party, when it is the guilty party,” said Salas Romer in public comments. “It is unacceptable that so many tons of essential products are lost when housewives cannot find them in the markets and the prices soar,” he said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Assembly Deputy Lisandro Cabello said such critiques coming from the right-wing opposition are hypocritical, because the opposition in team with the nation’s largest private business chamber, Fedecamaras, led a coup d’état in 2002 and a general strike in 2003 that shut down the country’s oil industry and caused massive unemployment, economic contraction, and extreme scarcity of foods and other products.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Here people had to eat dog food because of Fedecamaras and Consecomercio [National Council of Commerce] and now they want to appear like gentle doves against PDVAL,” said Cabello.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In public comments this week, Minister for Education Hector Navarro said the government “has made a political decision to transform PDVAL’s whole chain of production, from the initial production of foods to the sale to the consumer,” in an effort to eradicate corruption.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Corruption is an issue of capitalism, bringing these yearnings that induce the human being to be seeking quick profit without moral or ethical restraints,” said Navarro.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PDVAL, which stands for Venezuelan Food Production and Distribution, was founded in 2008 to combat food price inflation at a time when import-dependent Venezuela was suffering from skyrocketing international food prices caused in part by the rise of the transnational biofuels industry.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The company currently distributes essential food such as rice, milk, beans, chicken, flour, and cooking oil at regulated prices in 94 large markets and 2,117 “PDVALitos,” or small, local stores managed in conjunction with communal councils. The company manages a line of 759 transport vehicles, has a workforce of 4,700, and distributes 30,000 tons of food per month &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-112283125103332383?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/112283125103332383/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/venezuelan-government-investigates.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/112283125103332383'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/112283125103332383'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/venezuelan-government-investigates.html' title='THE VENEZUELAN GOVERNMENT INVESTIGATES THE CORRUPTION IN STATE-OWNED SUPERMARKETS'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/TBK-ehO1mLI/AAAAAAAAAf8/Ztuw5XL9p2Q/s72-c/Pdval-aporrea1_0.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5722310164499433507</id><published>2010-06-11T13:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-11T13:45:08.468-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='hugo chavez is a saint'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cuban paradise'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><title type='text'>6 MILLION AMERICAN FAMILIES LIVE WITH LESS THAN 100 DOLLARS A MONTH, USA IS FUCKED UP !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gc2xPwI" width="480" height="391" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE USA IS BECOMING A NIGHTMARE, A HELL OF HUNGER AND POVERTY ON EARTH !!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WATCH AND LISTEN TO THIS GREAT EXPLANATION OF THE GENERAL SITUATION OF MILLIONS OF FAMILIES IN THE UNITED STATES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://workers.blip.tv/file/3345574/"&gt;http://workers.blip.tv/file/3345574/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WATCH THIS THIS VIDEO BY ECONOMIST FRED GOLDSTEIN OF THE WORKERS WORLD PARTY ON HOW 6 MILLION AMERICAN FAMILIES LIVE ON LESS THAN 100 DOLLARS A MONTH, AND HOW MANY STATES IN USA ARE CUTTING WELFARE PROGRAMS !!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRED GOLDSTEIN WITH DEEP EMOTIONAL WORRIES TALKS ABOUT HOW MANY STATES ARE CUTTING WELFARE PROGRAMS, THE FOOD-STAMP PROGRAMS, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, PUBLIC COLLEGES. AND OF THE THINGS THAT BILL CLINTON DID LIKE DESTROYING THE WELFARE SYSTEM OF THE US GOVERNMENT, THAT EVEN FAR-RIGHT WINGERS LIKE PINOCHET, FRANCO, HITLER AND RONALD REAGAN WOULD NOT EVEN DREAM ABOUT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LIFE IS BECOMING A LIVING HELL ON EARTH FOR AMERICANS. WAGES ARE NOT RISING, AND FOOD IS MORE EXPENSIVE. 6 MILLION FAMILIES LIVE ON LESS THAN 100 DOLLARS A MONTH. USA IS A HELL OF HUNGER ON EARTH. ONLY SOCIALISM CAN SAVE USA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ONE OF THE THINGS THAT FRED GOLDSTEIN SAID IN THIS VIDEO IS HOW MILLIONS OF AMERICAN FAMILIES ARE FORCED TO GO TO 7-11S, THE BODEGAS, THE GROCERY SUPERMARKETS AND SELL THEIR FOOD-STAMPS (EBTC CARD) IN ORDER TO GET CASH TO BUY SCHOOL SUPPLIES, MEDICINES AND SPORTS SHOES FOR THEIR CHILDREN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ACCORDING TO FRED GOLDSTEIN AMERICANS ARE NOT BEING ABLE TO MAKE MONEY IN THE PRIVATE-SECTOR BUT ALSO THE PUBLIC-SECTOR (WELFARE PROGRAMS) IS DENYING AMERICANS SUPPLEMENT CASH, FREE FOOD, AND FREE SOCIAL PROGRAMS. (THE WELFARE SYSTEM IS BEING ABOLISHED BY THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IN OTHER WORDS: AMERICANS ARE BEING BARRED FROM MAKING MONEY FROM THE PRIVATE-SECTOR AND FROM THE PUBLIC-SECTOR, THIS WILL LEAD TO A GREECE TYPE OF REVOLUTION IN USA AND CHECK MATE !!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SOONER OR LATER ALL AMERICANS WILL GET ANGRY AND WILL WAGE A BLOODY REVOLUTION AGAINST THE US CAPITALIST GOVERNMENT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5722310164499433507?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5722310164499433507/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/6-million-american-families-live-with.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5722310164499433507'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5722310164499433507'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/6-million-american-families-live-with.html' title='6 MILLION AMERICAN FAMILIES LIVE WITH LESS THAN 100 DOLLARS A MONTH, USA IS FUCKED UP !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3839587864071195089</id><published>2010-06-08T20:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-08T20:31:29.480-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='conspiracy theory'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='alex jones'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jeff rense'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='9-11 was done by jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='fake-terrorism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bilderbergs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='david icke'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jews came from monkeys and pigs'/><title type='text'>THE BRITISH PETROLEUM WAS A FALSE-FLAG, FAKE-TERRORISM. WATCH THESE VIDEOS BY PAUL WATSON ABOUT THE TRUTH OF THE BP OIL SPILL</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/utpZmU4V0ps&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/utpZmU4V0ps&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/-hlUYsQC7pc&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/-hlUYsQC7pc&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/u2N9g5IVKfk&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/u2N9g5IVKfk&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3839587864071195089?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3839587864071195089/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/british-petroleum-was-false-flag-fake.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3839587864071195089'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3839587864071195089'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/british-petroleum-was-false-flag-fake.html' title='THE BRITISH PETROLEUM WAS A FALSE-FLAG, FAKE-TERRORISM. WATCH THESE VIDEOS BY PAUL WATSON ABOUT THE TRUTH OF THE BP OIL SPILL'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-6550095214606305856</id><published>2010-06-08T19:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-08T20:07:00.767-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bush'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='american christian churches are satanics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Republican Party voters'/><title type='text'>THE SATANIC ANTI-CHRIST OF THE CAPITALIST SATANIC PARTY: REPUBLICAN PARTY BUSH-II TORTURED PEOPLE !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/RY_v8nmE7zM&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/RY_v8nmE7zM&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-6550095214606305856?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/6550095214606305856/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/satanic-anti-christ-of-capitalist.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6550095214606305856'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6550095214606305856'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/satanic-anti-christ-of-capitalist.html' title='THE SATANIC ANTI-CHRIST OF THE CAPITALIST SATANIC PARTY: REPUBLICAN PARTY BUSH-II TORTURED PEOPLE !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-1010740084923170435</id><published>2010-06-08T12:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-08T12:45:58.055-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><title type='text'>THE USA IS BECOMING A NIGHTMARE, A HELL OF HUNGER.  WATCH THIS VIDEO ON HOW MANY STATES ARE CUTTING WELFARE PROGRAMS</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gc2xPwI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE USA IS BECOMING A NIGHTMARE, A HELL OF HUNGER.  WATCH THIS VIDEO ON HOW MANY STATES ARE CUTTING WELFARE PROGRAMS, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, PUBLIC COLLEGES.  LIFE IS BECOMING A LIVING HELL ON EARTH FOR AMERICANS.  WAGES ARE NOT RISING, AND FOOD IS MORE EXPENSIVE.  6 MILLION FAMILIES LIVE ON LESS THAN 100 DOLLARS A MONTH.  USA IS A HELL OF HUNGER ON EARTH.  ONLY SOCIALISM CAN SAVE USA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-1010740084923170435?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/1010740084923170435/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-is-becoming-nightmare-hell-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/1010740084923170435'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/1010740084923170435'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-is-becoming-nightmare-hell-of.html' title='THE USA IS BECOMING A NIGHTMARE, A HELL OF HUNGER.  WATCH THIS VIDEO ON HOW MANY STATES ARE CUTTING WELFARE PROGRAMS'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-694972659897767572</id><published>2010-06-07T19:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-07T19:41:45.784-07:00</updated><title type='text'>BEWARE OF THE FOLLOWING LEFT GATE-KEEPER WEBSITES WHICH ARE FAKE-LEFTIST SITES (NOT REAL SOCIALISTS) FUNDED BY CAPITALISTS</title><content type='html'>BEWARE OF THE LEFT GATE-KEEPERS PHENOMENON, THESE WEBSITES WILL BAN YOUR COMMENTS IF YOU POST MARXIST-LENINIST ARTICLES, IF YOU POST ARTICLES ABOUT THE 9-11 INSIDE JOB THEORY AND IF YOU CRITISIZE JEWISH ZIONISM IN USA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://911review.com/denial/gatekeepers.html"&gt;http://911review.com/denial/gatekeepers.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These are the main left gatekeepers funded by corporate elites:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dissidentvoice.org/"&gt;http://www.dissidentvoice.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.truthdig.com/"&gt;http://www.truthdig.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.alternet.org/"&gt;http://www.alternet.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/"&gt;http://www.informationclearinghouse.info&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.revleft.com/"&gt;http://www.revleft.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.commondreams.org/"&gt;http://www.commondreams.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/"&gt;http://www.counterpunch.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And many many other websites which say that they are progressives and socialists but ban your comments, censor your ideas, and who are funded by corporate elites.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-694972659897767572?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/694972659897767572/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/beware-of-following-left-gate-keeper.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/694972659897767572'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/694972659897767572'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/beware-of-following-left-gate-keeper.html' title='BEWARE OF THE FOLLOWING LEFT GATE-KEEPER WEBSITES WHICH ARE FAKE-LEFTIST SITES (NOT REAL SOCIALISTS) FUNDED BY CAPITALISTS'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-192306159745507131</id><published>2010-06-05T15:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-05T15:09:33.110-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='synagogue of satan'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='neoliberal hell'/><title type='text'>WATCH THIS VIDEO WHEN YOUR HEART IS WEAK TO REMEMBER THE 1980S WHEN USA WAS A PARADISE</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/dRnNpLOhn1Q&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/dRnNpLOhn1Q&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-192306159745507131?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/192306159745507131/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/watch-this-video-when-your-heart-is.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/192306159745507131'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/192306159745507131'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/watch-this-video-when-your-heart-is.html' title='WATCH THIS VIDEO WHEN YOUR HEART IS WEAK TO REMEMBER THE 1980S WHEN USA WAS A PARADISE'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-7236197187648291576</id><published>2010-06-04T13:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-04T13:46:49.203-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='american christian churches are satanics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='living in usa is depressive'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='secrety mysteries of america&apos;s beginnings'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><title type='text'>WATCH THIS FREE 3 HOUR MOVIE ABOUT THE DARK EVIL TRUTH OF USA FOUNDATION: THE SECRET MYSTERIES OF AMERICA'S BEGINNINGS (PART 2)</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed id=VideoPlayback src=http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=-3924304351562745462&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=true style=width:400px;height:326px allowFullScreen=true allowScriptAccess=always type=application/x-shockwave-flash&gt; &lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Riddles In Stone: Secret Architecture of Washington, D.C.", will continue to explore the fascinating history behind the origins and focus of the world's most powerful nation: America. Why was this nation founded? How was the precise location of Washington, D.C., determined? What is the meaning of the seemingly countless occult images in our nation's capitol? Volume II zeroes in on the Masonic &amp;amp; Rosicrucian influence so prevalent amongst our Founding Fathers as they planned, and began to implement, the layout of America's Capitol. For years, extreme controversy has abounded as to the exact meaning of the occult symbols found within the street layout, the buildings, and the monuments of Washington, D.C. Is there really an inverted Pentagram formed by the street layout just north of the White House? We have discovered the esoteric reason why this Pentagram is missing one segment. Was this city laid out to reflect the vision of a Masonic Christ foreseen by Sir Francis Bacon? Is it true that America's capitol was laid out "according to the stars", i.e., in the astrological shapes of certain planets and stars so revered by occultists? Why did our Masonic Founding Fathers perform "Corn, Wine, and Oil" ceremonies at cornerstone layings and at the dedication of the finished structure? Does this occult "wisdom" represent the interests of America, or a hidden agenda? As with Volume I, this "Secret Mysteries" series will continue to explore current -- and possibly future -- events by examining America's past. What can these realities mean for the unfolding destiny of America and the world?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-7236197187648291576?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/7236197187648291576/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/watch-this-free-3-hour-movie-about-dark.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/7236197187648291576'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/7236197187648291576'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/06/watch-this-free-3-hour-movie-about-dark.html' title='WATCH THIS FREE 3 HOUR MOVIE ABOUT THE DARK EVIL TRUTH OF USA FOUNDATION: THE SECRET MYSTERIES OF AMERICA&apos;S BEGINNINGS (PART 2)'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5821834587208246128</id><published>2010-05-25T19:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-05-25T20:05:29.554-07:00</updated><title type='text'>I DEDICATE THIS SONG TO MY SOCIALIST FRIEND CANDLEE WHO WAS KILLED BY THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM IN TURKEY !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/yBbl3RpgNN4&amp;amp;hl=" width="425" height="344" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" fs="1&amp;amp;" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5475408719227387378" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 221px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/S_yPOF2f_fI/AAAAAAAAAf0/0o8WvQ2RIAA/s320/ilkayakca.gif" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5821834587208246128?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5821834587208246128/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/05/i-dedicate-this-song-to-my-socialist.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5821834587208246128'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5821834587208246128'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/05/i-dedicate-this-song-to-my-socialist.html' title='I DEDICATE THIS SONG TO MY SOCIALIST FRIEND CANDLEE WHO WAS KILLED BY THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM IN TURKEY !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/S_yPOF2f_fI/AAAAAAAAAf0/0o8WvQ2RIAA/s72-c/ilkayakca.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8163529494981493688</id><published>2010-04-20T11:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-06-04T13:34:34.627-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nationalize mcdonalds and pizza hut'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='hugo chavez is a saint'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><title type='text'>WATCH THIS FREE 3 HOUR MOVIE ABOUT THE DARK EVIL TRUTH OF USA FOUNDATION: THE SECRET MYSTERIES OF AMERICA'S BEGINNINGS (PART 1)</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed id=VideoPlayback src=http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=5498106693746597344&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=true style=width:400px;height:326px allowFullScreen=true allowScriptAccess=always type=application/x-shockwave-flash&gt; &lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At last I understand why President Bush ordered the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq -- he is following the 400+ year plan of Sir Francis Bacon and Queen Elizabeth I, as his own words during his Second Inaugural Address proves conclusively! This documentary is one of the best I have ever seen, as it proves its points with excellent documentation and ever better camera work and scriptwriting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This film deserves the accolades it has received from the New York Film Festival! If you know in your heart that something is not right with America, but cannot put your finger on the problem, this video will enlighten you!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Secret Mysteries of America's Beginnings" is a rich and thought provoking piece of history. It is rare to find something that is educational and truly interesting, truly fascinating to watch all the way through. The story is deep in meaning and yet easy for anyone to follow. This dvd is a journey into a hard truth that will explain the origin of our country. The standard view that we have received from early school days is challenged and shown to be incomplete and false in some regards. This film is a great beginning for anyone wanting to find what is real in our past, present and future. I would recomend this dvd to anyone, to everyone. This is the sort of event that will spark something inside you to find out more, to view the world in a different way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I highly recommend these films The New Atlantis and volume II Riddles In Stone. These are brilliant documentaries that reveal the truth of America's secret origins and symbolism from the ancient mysteries. The films focus on the intentions of Francis Bacon and the founding fathers in creating a new Atlantis, a nation of enlightenment that would lead the world into a new order of the ages. These films are very detailed and very well crafted. Puts focus on secret societies and men like Bacon, Benjamin Franklin, Albert Pike, and the great works of Manly P. Hall. These films are a must see.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8163529494981493688?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8163529494981493688/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/04/watch-this-free-3-hour-movie-about-dark.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8163529494981493688'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8163529494981493688'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/04/watch-this-free-3-hour-movie-about-dark.html' title='WATCH THIS FREE 3 HOUR MOVIE ABOUT THE DARK EVIL TRUTH OF USA FOUNDATION: THE SECRET MYSTERIES OF AMERICA&apos;S BEGINNINGS (PART 1)'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5726224618857183348</id><published>2010-04-15T20:25:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-15T20:29:20.496-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialist rock'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='The cure'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nirvana'/><title type='text'>PICTURES OF YOU BY THE CURE</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/MG6UNn7l-aw&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/MG6UNn7l-aw&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5726224618857183348?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5726224618857183348/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/04/pictures-of-you-by-cure.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5726224618857183348'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5726224618857183348'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/04/pictures-of-you-by-cure.html' title='PICTURES OF YOU BY THE CURE'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3993532332073316326</id><published>2010-04-11T21:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-11T21:47:44.570-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cuban paradise'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><title type='text'>WATCH THIS VIDEO REMEMBER THE PROMISE YOU MADE BY COCK ROBIN.  THAT'S WHEN USA WAS A PARADISE OF WEALTH</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/3pk3A_QSINI&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/3pk3A_QSINI&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3993532332073316326?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3993532332073316326/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/04/watch-this-video-remember-promise-you.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3993532332073316326'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3993532332073316326'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/04/watch-this-video-remember-promise-you.html' title='WATCH THIS VIDEO REMEMBER THE PROMISE YOU MADE BY COCK ROBIN.  THAT&apos;S WHEN USA WAS A PARADISE OF WEALTH'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8560397264357775562</id><published>2010-04-11T21:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-11T21:37:19.567-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='guns'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialism is the kingdom of god'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='william shatner is cool'/><title type='text'>ARM YOUR SELVES AGAINST CRIMINALS AND AIM AT THE RIGHT FOOT AND LEFT FOOT LIKE WILLIAM SHATNER !! THANK GOD FOR GUNS !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="400" height="340"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/e0D78JtxmqI&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/e0D78JtxmqI&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8560397264357775562?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8560397264357775562/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/04/arm-your-selves-against-criminals-and.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8560397264357775562'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8560397264357775562'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/04/arm-your-selves-against-criminals-and.html' title='ARM YOUR SELVES AGAINST CRIMINALS AND AIM AT THE RIGHT FOOT AND LEFT FOOT LIKE WILLIAM SHATNER !! THANK GOD FOR GUNS !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8825135774515659182</id><published>2010-04-05T16:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-05T16:52:27.357-07:00</updated><title type='text'>IMPORTANT LINKS TO FIGHT THE RIGHT WING FREE-MARKET LIBERTARIAN IDEOLOGY IN USA !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SAoVNaMZYQI/AAAAAAAAADQ/hejl1ufUX80/s1600-h/5julio2003.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5190984840611717378" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SAoVNaMZYQI/AAAAAAAAADQ/hejl1ufUX80/s400/5julio2003.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.axisoflogic.com/"&gt;http://www.axisoflogic.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.truthdig.com/"&gt;http://www.truthdig.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soviet-empire.com/"&gt;http://www.soviet-empire.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.marxist.com/"&gt;http://www.marxist.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bobavakian.net/"&gt;http://www.bobavakian.net/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.rwor.org/"&gt;http://www.rwor.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.marxists.org/"&gt;http://www.marxists.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dollarcollapse.com/"&gt;http://www.dollarcollapse.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.commondreams.org/"&gt;http://www.commondreams.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/"&gt;http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.socialistworker.org/"&gt;http://www.socialistworker.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.opednews.com/"&gt;http://www.opednews.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.informationliberation.com/"&gt;http://www.informationliberation.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.prisonplanet.com/"&gt;http://www.prisonplanet.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.911blogger.com/"&gt;http://www.911blogger.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oilempire.us/"&gt;http://www.oilempire.us/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/"&gt;http://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wakeupfromyourslumber.com/"&gt;http://www.wakeupfromyourslumber.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.workers.org/"&gt;http://www.workers.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.trotsky.net/"&gt;http://www.trotsky.net/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.redicecreations.com/"&gt;http://www.redicecreations.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tvnewslies.org/"&gt;http://www.tvnewslies.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.rense.com/"&gt;http://www.rense.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.henrymakow.com/"&gt;http://www.henrymakow.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://atlanticfreepress.com/"&gt;http://atlanticfreepress.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalresearch.ca/"&gt;http://www.globalresearch.ca/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/"&gt;http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://marxistleninist.wordpress.com/"&gt;http://marxistleninist.wordpress.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blackcommentator.com/"&gt;http://www.blackcommentator.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.opednews.com/"&gt;http://www.opednews.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.infowars.com/"&gt;http://www.infowars.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.latter-rain.com/"&gt;http://www.latter-rain.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.911truth.org/"&gt;http://www.911truth.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.freewebs.com/awordfitlyspoken/"&gt;http://www.freewebs.com/awordfitlyspoken/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.uruknet.de/"&gt;http://www.uruknet.de/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://baltimorechronicle.com/"&gt;http://baltimorechronicle.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.countercurrents.org/"&gt;http://www.countercurrents.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dailykos.com/"&gt;http://www.dailykos.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://dailyscare.com/"&gt;http://dailyscare.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dissidentvoice.org/"&gt;http://www.dissidentvoice.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.socialistaction.org/"&gt;http://www.socialistaction.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://leninology.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://leninology.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.palestinechronicle.com/"&gt;http://www.palestinechronicle.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.politicalaffairs.net/"&gt;http://www.politicalaffairs.net/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.rebelion.org/"&gt;http://www.rebelion.org/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/"&gt;http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.illuminati-news.com/"&gt;http://www.illuminati-news.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.signs-of-the-times.org/"&gt;http://www.signs-of-the-times.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.zmag.org/weluser.htm"&gt;http://www.zmag.org/weluser.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://valenzuelasveritas.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://valenzuelasveritas.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.workerscompass.org/"&gt;http://www.workerscompass.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.democracynow.org/"&gt;http://www.democracynow.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8825135774515659182?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8825135774515659182/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/04/important-links-to-fight-right-wing.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8825135774515659182'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8825135774515659182'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/04/important-links-to-fight-right-wing.html' title='IMPORTANT LINKS TO FIGHT THE RIGHT WING FREE-MARKET LIBERTARIAN IDEOLOGY IN USA !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SAoVNaMZYQI/AAAAAAAAADQ/hejl1ufUX80/s72-c/5julio2003.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3860646490259957756</id><published>2010-03-29T19:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-29T19:10:21.406-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialism is the kingdom of god'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jesus christ'/><title type='text'>THE SIGNS OF THE SECOND COMING OF JESUS CHRIST TO CONDEMN AND JUDGE THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="295"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/eMiPdR2vtX0&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/eMiPdR2vtX0&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="295"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Is the earthquake and disaster in Haiti a sign of that the second coming of christ is near? How does the Haiti disaster and tragedy fit into God's plan for the second coming? What does is God's plan for the return of Christ and how does this impact the world?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What and When is the "End of the Age"? The Age of Sin and Suffering in the present age - the beginning of the Age of Peace and Blessing - Signs of Christs Coming - Prophecies of the last days.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The coming GREAT event, 316 Promises about the second coming of Jesus Christ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Listen to more of Dr. David Coopers messages at &lt;a href="http://www.mountparan.com/"&gt;http://www.mountparan.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3860646490259957756?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3860646490259957756/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/signs-of-second-coming-of-jesus-christ.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3860646490259957756'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3860646490259957756'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/signs-of-second-coming-of-jesus-christ.html' title='THE SIGNS OF THE SECOND COMING OF JESUS CHRIST TO CONDEMN AND JUDGE THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-1273356057074643827</id><published>2010-03-29T18:57:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-29T18:58:40.446-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cake slavery'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><title type='text'>I FEEL TOO MUCH PAIN IN THIS CAPITALISM HELL !!! I FEEL THE PAIN !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="320" height="265"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/OQZmrdwK7YM&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/OQZmrdwK7YM&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="320" height="265"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-1273356057074643827?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/1273356057074643827/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/i-feel-too-much-pain-in-this-capitalism.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/1273356057074643827'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/1273356057074643827'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/i-feel-too-much-pain-in-this-capitalism.html' title='I FEEL TOO MUCH PAIN IN THIS CAPITALISM HELL !!! I FEEL THE PAIN !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-7081833398643102533</id><published>2010-03-26T19:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-26T19:44:06.512-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='home-gyms'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='i walk to kill depression'/><title type='text'>I CAN'T GET NO SLEEP, I STRUGGLE TO FIGHT DARK FORCES IN THE CLEAR MOON LIGHT !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="320" height="265"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/LuqEbRzy_t8&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/LuqEbRzy_t8&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="320" height="265"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deep in the bosom of the gentle night&lt;br /&gt;Is when I search for the light&lt;br /&gt;Pick up my pen and start to write&lt;br /&gt;I struggle, fight dark forces&lt;br /&gt;In the clear moon light&lt;br /&gt;Without fear... insomnia&lt;br /&gt;I can't get no sleep&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I used to worry, thought I was goin' mad in a hurry&lt;br /&gt;Gettin' stress, makin' excess mess in darkness&lt;br /&gt;No electricity, something's all over me, greasy&lt;br /&gt;Insomnia please release me and let me dream of&lt;br /&gt;Makin' mad love to my girl on the heath&lt;br /&gt;Tearin' off tights with my teeth&lt;br /&gt;But there's no release, no peace&lt;br /&gt;I toss and turn without cease&lt;br /&gt;Like a curse, open my eyes and rise like yeast&lt;br /&gt;At least a couple of weeks&lt;br /&gt;Since I last slept, kept takin' sleepers&lt;br /&gt;But now I keep myself pepped&lt;br /&gt;Deeper still, that night I write by candle light&lt;br /&gt;I find insight, fundamental movement, uh&lt;br /&gt;So when it's back this insomniac take an original tack&lt;br /&gt;Keep the beast in my nature under ceaseless attack&lt;br /&gt;I gets no sleep&lt;br /&gt;I can't get no sleep&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I can't get no sleep&lt;br /&gt;I can't get no sleep&lt;br /&gt;I need to sleep, although I get no sleep&lt;br /&gt;I need to sleep, although I get no sleep&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I think this song is about somebody who can't sleep cuz they've gone on a meth binge. "I can't sleep somethings all over me" most meth users feel like something is crawling on them after they use the drug. "Make my way to the refrigerator, One dry potato inside, no lie Not even bread, jam" Another sign most meth users don't feel the need to eat so thats why his frige has no food. Cool song too I might add. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-7081833398643102533?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/7081833398643102533/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/i-cant-get-no-sleep-i-struggle-to-fight.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/7081833398643102533'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/7081833398643102533'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/i-cant-get-no-sleep-i-struggle-to-fight.html' title='I CAN&apos;T GET NO SLEEP, I STRUGGLE TO FIGHT DARK FORCES IN THE CLEAR MOON LIGHT !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8005480048397490357</id><published>2010-03-26T11:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-26T11:04:30.307-07:00</updated><title type='text'>WATCH THESE VIDEOS ABOUT PHILOSOPHY FROM PROFESSOR BRYAN MAGEE !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/p/43A4821EE44B3CDB&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/p/43A4821EE44B3CDB&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="385" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8005480048397490357?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8005480048397490357/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-these-videos-about-philosophy.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8005480048397490357'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8005480048397490357'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-these-videos-about-philosophy.html' title='WATCH THESE VIDEOS ABOUT PHILOSOPHY FROM PROFESSOR BRYAN MAGEE !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-9109677427434105492</id><published>2010-03-24T14:52:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-24T14:55:25.283-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tea party terrorists'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='glenn beck'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><title type='text'>ONLY A DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLETARIAT CAN SAVE UNITED STATES FROM THIS CAPITALIST HELL !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/nLqplbwD644&amp;amp;hl=" width="320" height="265" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" fs="1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/ch04.htm"&gt;http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/foundations-leninism/ch04.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a) the dictatorship of the proletariat as the instrument of the proletarian revolution;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b) the dictatorship of the proletariat as the rule of the proletariat over the bourgeoisie;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c) Soviet power as the state form of the dictatorship of the proletariat,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) The dictatorship of the proletariat as the instrument of the proletarian revolution. The question of the proletarian dictatorship is above all a question of the main content of the proletarian revolution. The proletarian revolution, its movement, its sweep and its achievements acquire flesh and blood only through the dictatorship of the proletariat. The dictatorship of the proletariat is the instrument of the proletarian revolution, its organ, its most important mainstay, brought into being for the purpose of, firstly, crushing the resistance of the overthrown exploiters and consolidating the achievements of the proletarian revolution, and secondly, carrying the revolution to the complete victory of socialism. The revolution can defeat the bourgeoisie, can overthrow its power, even without the dictatorship of the proletariat. But the revolution will be unable to crush the resistance of the bourgeoisie, to maintain its victory and to push forward to the final victory of socialism unless, at a certain stage in its development, it creates a special organ in the form of the dictatorship of the proletariat as its principle mainstay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The fundamental question of every revolution is the question of power" (Lenin). Does this mean that all that is required is to assume power, to seize it? No, it does not. The seizure of power is only the beginning. For many reasons, the bourgeoisie that is overthrown in one country remains for a long time stronger than the proletariat which has overthrown it. Therefore, the whole point is to retain power, to consolidate it, to make it invincible. What is needed to attain this? To attain this it is necessary to carry out at least three main tasks that confront the dictatorship of the proletariat "on the morrow" of victory:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a) to break the resistance of the landlords and capitalists who have been overthrown and expropriated by the revolution, to liquidate every attempt on their part to restore the power of capital;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b) to organise construction in such a way as to rally all the working people around the proletariat, and to carry on this work along the lines of preparing for the elimination, the abolition of classes;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c) to arm the revolution, to organise the army of the revolution for the struggle against foreign enemies, for the struggle against imperialism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The dictatorship of the proletariat is needed to carry out, to fulfill these tasks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The transition from capitalism to communism," says Lenin, "represents an entire historical epoch. Until this epoch has terminated, the exploiters inevitably cherish the hope of restoration, and this hope is converted into attempts at restoration. And after their first serious defeat, the overthrown exploiters-who had not exploited their overthrow, never believed it possible, never conceded the thought of it-throw themselves with energy grown tenfold, with furious passion and hatred grown a hundredfold, into the battle for the recovery of the 'paradise' of which they have been deprived, on behalf of their families, who had been leading such a sweet and easy life and whom now the 'common herd' is condemning to ruin and destitution (or to 'common labour...). In the train of the capitalist exploiters follow the broad masses of the petty bourgeoisie, with regard to whom decades of historical experience of all countries testify that they vacillate and hesitate, one day marching behind the proletariat and the next day taking fright at the difficulties of the revolution; that they become panic-stricken at the first defeat or semi-defeat of the workers, grow nervous, rush about, snivel, and run from one camp into the other" (see Vol. XXIII, p. 355).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The bourgeoisie has its grounds for making attempts at restoration, because for a long time after its overthrow it remains stronger than the proletariat which has overthrown it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"If the exploiters are defeated in one country only" says Lenin, "and this, of course, is the typical case, since a simultaneous revolution in a number of countries is a rare exception, they still remain stronger than the exploited" (ibid., p. 354)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wherein lies the strength of the overthrown bourgeoisie?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Firstly, "in the strength of international capital, in the strength and durability of the international connections of the bourgeoisie" (see Vol. XXV, p. 173).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Secondly, in the fact that "for a long time after the revolution the exploiters inevitably retain a number of great practical advantages: they still have money (it is impossible to abolish money all at once); some moveable property-often fairly considerable; they still have various connections, habits of organisation and management, knowledge of all the 'secrets' (customs, methods, means and possibilities) of management, superior education, close connections with the higher technical personnel (who live and think like the bourgeoisie), incomparably greater experience in the art of war (this is very important), and so on, and so forth" (see Vol. XXIII, p. 354)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thirdly, "in the force of habit, in the strength of small production. For, unfortunately, small production is still very, very widespread in the world, and small production engenders capitalism and the bourgeoisie continuously, daily, hourly, spontaneously, and on a mass scale"... for "the abolition of classes means only not only driving out the landlords and capitalists-that we accomplished with comparative ease-it also means abolishing the small commodity producers, and they cannot be drive out, or crushed; we must live in harmony with them, they can (and must) be remoulded and re-educated only by very prolonged, slow, cautious organizational work (see Vol. XXV, pp.173 and 189).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That is why Lenin says :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The dictatorship of the proletariat is a most determined and most ruthless war waged by the new class against a more powerful enemy, the bourgeoisie, whose resistance is increased tenfold by its overthrow,"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;that "the dictatorship of the proletariat is a stubborn struggle-bloody and bloodless, violent and peaceful, military and economic, educational and administrative-against the forces and traditions of the old society" (ibid., pp. 173 and 190).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It scarcely needs proof that there is not the slightest possibility of carrying out these tasks in a short period, of accomplishing all this in a few years. Therefore, the dictatorship of the proletariat, the transition from capitalism to communism, must not be regarded as a fleeting period of "super-revolutionary" acts and decrees, but as an entire historical era, replete with civil wars and external conflicts, with persistent organisational work and economic construction, with advances and retreats, victories and defeats. The historical era is needed not only to create the economic and cultural prerequisites for the complete victory of socialism, but also to enable the proletariat, firstly, to educate itself and become steeled as a force capable of governing the country, and, secondly, to re-educate and remould the petty-bourgeois strata along such lines as will assure the organisation of socialist production.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marx said to the workers : "You will have to go through fifteen, twenty, fifty years of civil wars and international conflicts," Marx said to the workers, "not only to change existing conditions, but also to change yourselves and to make yourselves capable of wielding political power" (see K. Marx and F. Engels, Works, Vol. VIII, p. 506).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Continuing and developing Marx's idea still further, Lenin wrote that:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It will be necessary under the dictatorship of the proletariat to re-educate millions of peasants and small proprietors, hundreds of thousands of office employees, officials and bourgeois intellectuals, to subordinate them all to the proletarian state and to proletarian leadership, to overcome their bourgeois habits and traditions," just as we must "-in a protracted struggle waged on the basis of the dictatorship of the proletariat-re-educate the proletarians themselves, who do not abandon their petty-bourgeois prejudices at one stroke, by a miracle, at the bidding of the Virgin Mary, at the bidding of a slogan, resolution or decree, but only in the course of a long and difficult mass struggle against the mass petty-bourgeois influences" (see Vol. XXV, pp. 248 and 247).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2) The dictatorship of the proletariat as the rule of the proletariat over the bourgeoisie. From the foregoing it is evident that the dictatorship of the proletariat is not a mere change of personalities in the government, a change of the cabinet," etc., leaving the old economic and political order intact. The Mensheviks and the opportunists of all countries, who fear dictatorship like fire and in their fright substitute the concept "conquest of power" for the concept of dictatorship, usually reduce the "conquest of power" to a change of the "cabinet," to the accession to power of a new ministry made up of people like Scheidemann and Noske, MacDonald and Henderson. It is hardly necessary to explain that these and similar cabinet changes have nothing in common with the dictatorship of the proletariat, with the conquest of real power by the real proletariat. With the MacDonalds and Scheidemanns in power, while the old bourgeois order is allowed to remain, their so-called governments cannot be anything else than an apparatus serving the bourgeoisie, a screen to conceal the ulcers of imperialism, a weapon in the hands of the bourgeoisie against the revolutionary movement of the oppressed and exploited masses. Capital needs such governments as a screen when it finds it inconvenient, unprofitable, difficult to oppress and exploit the masses without the aid of a screen. Of course, the appearance of such governments is a symptom that "over there" (i.e., in the capitalist camp) all is not quite "at the Shipka Pass"; nevertheless, governments of this kind inevitably remain governments of capital in disguise. The government of a MacDonald or a Scheidemann is as far removed from the conquest of power by the proletariat as the sky from the earth. The dictatorship of the proletariat is not a change of government, but a new state, with new organs of power, both central and local; it is the state of the proletariat, which has arisen on the ruins of the old state, the state of the bourgeoisie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The dictatorship of the proletariat arises not on the basis of the bourgeois order, but in the process of the breaking up of this order, after the overthrow of the bourgeoisie, in the process of the expropriation of the landlords and capitalists, in the process of the socialisation of the principal instruments and means of production, in the process of violent proletarian revolution. The dictatorship of the proletariat is a revolutionary power based on the use of force against the bourgeoisie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The state is a machine in the hands of the ruling class for suppressing the resistance of its class enemies. In this respect the dictatorship of the proletariat does not differ essentially from the dictatorship of any other class, for the proletarian state is a machine for the suppression of the bourgeoisie. But there is one substantial difference. This difference consists in the fact that all hitherto existing class states have been dictatorships of an exploiting minority over the exploited majority, whereas the dictatorship of the proletariat is the dictatorship of the exploited majority over the exploiting minority.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Briefly: the dictatorship of the proletariat is the rule-unrestricted by law and based on force-of the proletariat over the bourgeoisie, a rule enjoying the sympathy and support of the labouring and exploited masses (Lenin, The State and Revolution).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From this follow two main conclusions:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First conclusion: The dictatorship of the proletariat cannot be "complete" democracy, democracy for all, for the rich as well as for the poor; the dictatorship of the proletariat "must be a state that is democratic in a new way (for the proletarians and the non-propertied in general) and dictatorial in a new way (against 1 the bourgeoisie)" (see Vol. XXI, p. 393). The talk of Kautsky and Co. about universal equality, about "pure" democracy, about "perfect" democracy, and the like, is a bourgeois disguise of the indubitable fact that equality between exploited and exploiters is impossible. The theory of "pure" democracy is the theory of the upper stratum of the working class, which has been broken in and is being fed by the imperialist robbers. It was brought into being for the purpose of concealing the ulcers of capitalism, of embellishing imperialism and lending it moral strength in the struggle against the exploited masses. Under capitalism there are no real "liberties" for the exploited, nor can there be, if for no reason than that the premises, printing plants, paper supplies, etc, indispensable for the enjoyment of "liberties" are the privilege of the exploiters. Under capitalism the exploited masses do not, nor can they ever, really participate in governing the country, if for no other reason than that, even under the most democratic regime, under conditions of capitalism, governments are not set up by the people but by the Rothschilds and Stinneses, the Rockefellers and Morgans. Democracy under capitalism is capitalist democracy, the democracy of the exploiting minority, based on the restriction of the rights of exploited majority and directed against this majority. Only under the proletarian dictatorship are real liberties for the exploited and real participation of the proletarians and peasants in governing the country possible. Under the dictatorship of the proletariat, democracy is proletarian democracy, the democracy of the exploited majority, based on the restriction of the rights of the exploiting minority and directed against this minority.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second conclusion: The dictatorship of the proletariat cannot arise as the result of the peaceful development of bourgeois society and of bourgeois democracy; it can arise only as the result of the smashing of the bourgeois state machine, the bourgeois army, the bourgeois bureaucratic apparatus, the bourgeois police.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The working class cannot simply lay hold of the ready-made state machinery, and wield it for its own purposes," say Marx and Engels in a preface to the Communist Manifesto. The task of the proletarian revolution is "...no longer, as before, to transfer the bureaucratic-military machine from one hand to another, but to smash it...this is the preliminary condition for every real people's revolution on the continent," says Marx in his letter to Kugelmann in 1871. 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marx's qualifying phrases about the continent gave the opportunists and Mensheviks of all countries a pretext for clamouring that Marx had thus conceded the possibility of the peaceful evolution of bourgeois democracy into a proletarian democracy, at least in certain countries outside the European continent (Britain, America). Marx did in fact concede that possibility, and he had good grounds for conceding it in regard to Britain and America in the seventies of the last century, when monopoly capitalism and imperialism did not yet exist, and when these countries, owing to the particular conditions of their development, had as much as yet no developed militarism and bureaucracy. That was the situation before the appearance of developed imperialism. But later, after a lapse of thirty or forty years, when the situation in these countries had radically changed, when imperialism had developed and had embraced all capitalist countries without exception, when militarism and bureaucracy had appeared in Britain and America also, when the particular conditions for peaceful development in Britain and America had disappeared-then the qualification in regard to these countries necessarily could no longer hold good.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Today," said Lenin, "in 1917, in the epoch of the first great imperialist war, this qualification made by Marx is no longer valid. Both Britain and America, the biggest and the last representatives-in the whole world-of Anglo-Saxon 'liberty' in the sense that they had no militarism and bureaucracy, have completely sunk into all-European filthy, bloody morass of bureaucratic-military institutions which subordinate everything to themselves and trample everything underfoot. Today, in Britain and in America, too, 'the preliminary condition for every real people's revolution' is the smashing, the destruction of the 'ready-made state machinery' (perfected in those countries, between 1914 and 1917, up to the 'European' general imperialist standard)" (see Vol. XXI, p. 395).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In other words, the law of violent proletarian revolution, the law of smashing of the bourgeois state machine as a preliminary condition for such a revolution, is an inevitable law of the revolutionary movement in the imperialist countries of the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, in the remote future, if the proletariat is victorious in the principal capitalist countries, and if the present capitalist encirclement is replaced by a socialist encirclement, a "peaceful" path of development is quite possible for certain capitalist countries, whose capitalists, in view of the "unfavourable" international situation, will consider it expedient "voluntarily" to make supposition concessions to the proletariat. But this supposition applies only to a remote and possible future. With regard to the immediate future, there is no ground whatsoever for this supposition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, Lenin is right in saying:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The proletarian revolution is impossible without the forcible destruction of the bourgeois state machine and the substitution for it of a new one" (see Vol. XXIII, P. 342)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3) Soviet power as the state form of the dictatorship of the proletariat. The victory of the dictatorship of the proletariat signifies the suppression of the bourgeoisie, the smashing of the bourgeois state machine and the substitution of proletarian democracy for bourgeois democracy. That is clear. But by means of what organisation can this colossal work be carried out? The old forms of organisation of the proletariat, which grew up on the basis of bourgeois parliamentarism, are inadequate for this work-of that there can hardly be any doubt. What, then, are the new forms of organisation of the proletariat that are capable of serving as the gravediggers of the bourgeois state machine, that are capable not only of smashing this machine, not only of substituting proletarian democracy for bourgeois democracy, but also of becoming the foundation of the proletarian state power?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This new form of organisation of the proletariat is the Soviets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wherein lies the strength of the Soviets as compared with the old forms of organisation?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that the Soviets are the most all-embracing mass organisations of the proletariat, for they and they alone embrace all workers without exception.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that the Soviets (Workers unions and councils) are the only mass organisations which unite all the oppressed and exploited, workers and peasants, soldiers and sailors, and in which the vanguard of the masses, the proletariat, can, for this reason, most easily and most completely exercise its political leadership of the mass struggle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that the Soviets are the most powerful organs of the revolutionary struggle of the masses, of the political actions of the masses, of the uprising of the masses-organs capable of breaking the omnipotence of finance capital and its political appendages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that the Soviets are the immediate organisations of the masses themselves, i.e., they are the most democratic and therefore the most authoritative organisations of the masses, which facilitate to the utmost their participation in the work of building up the new state and in its administration, and which bring into full play the revolutionary energy, initiative and creative abilities of the masses in the struggle for the destruction of the old order, in the struggle for the new, proletarian order.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Soviet power is the union and constitution of the local Soviets into one common state organisation, into the state organisation of the proletariat as the vanguard of the oppressed and exploited masses and as the ruling class-their union in the Republic of the Soviets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The essence of Soviet power consists in the fact that these most all-embracing and most revolutionary mass organisations of precisely those classes that were oppressed by the capitalist and landlords are now the "permanent and sole basis of the whole power of the state, of the whole state apparatus"; that "precisely those masses which even in the most democratic bourgeois republics," while being equal in law, "have in fact been prevented by thousands of tricks and devices from taking part in political life and from enjoying democratic rights and liberties, are now drawn unfailingly into constant and, moreover, decisive participation in the democratic administration of the state". 3 (see Lenin, Vol. XXIV, p. 13).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That is why Soviet power is a new form of state organisation, different in principle from the old bourgeois-democratic and parliamentary form, a new type of state, adapted not to the task of exploiting and oppressing the labouring masses, but to the task of completely emancipating them from all oppression and exploitation, to the tasks facing the dictatorship of the proletariat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lenin is right in saying that with the appearance of Soviet power "the era of bourgeois-democratic parliamentarism has drawn to a close and a new chapter in world history-the era of proletarian dictatorship-has been opened."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wherein lies the characteristic features of Soviet power?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that Soviet power is the most all-embracing and most democratic state organisation of all possible state organisations while classes continue to exist; for, being the arena of the bond and collaboration between the workers and the exploited peasants in their struggle against the exploiters, and basing itself in its works on this bond and on this collaboration. Soviet power is thus the power of the majority of the population over the minority, it is the state of the majority, the expression of its dictatorship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that Soviet power is the most internationalist of all state organisations in class society, for, by destroying every kind of national oppression and resting on the collaboration of the labouring masses of the various nationalities, it facilitates the uniting of these masses into a single state union.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that Soviet power, by its very structure, facilitates the task of leading the oppressed and exploited masses by the vanguard of these masses-by the proletariat, as the most united and most politically conscious core of the Soviets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The experience of all revolutions and of all movements of the oppressed classes, the experience of the world socialist movement teaches us," says Lenin, "that the proletariat alone is able to unite and lead the scattered and backward strata of the toiling and exploited population" (see Vol. XXIV, p. 14). The point is that the structure of Soviet power facilitates the practical application of the lessons drawn from this experience.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that Soviet power, by combining legislative and executive power in a single state organisation and replacing territorial electoral constituencies by industrial units, factories and mills, thereby directly links the workers and the labouring masses in general with the apparatus of state administration, teaches them how to govern the country.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that Soviet power alone is capable of releasing the army from its subordination to bourgeois command and of converting it from the instrument of oppression of the people which it is under the bourgeois order into an instrument for the liberation of the people from the yoke of the bourgeoisie, both native and foreign.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that "the Soviet organisation of the state alone is capable of immediately and effectively smashing and finally destroying the old, i.e., the bourgeois, bureaucratic and judicial apparatus" (ibid)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that the Soviet form of state alone, by drawing the mass organisations of the toilers and exploited into constant and unrestricted participation in state administration, is capable of preparing the ground for the withering away of the state, which is one of the basic elements of the future stateless communist society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Republic of Soviets is thus the political form, so long sought and finally discovered, within the framework of which the economic emancipation of the proletariat, the complete victory of socialism, must be accomplished.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Paris Commune was the embryo of this form; Soviet power is its development and culmination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That is why Lenin says:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The Republic of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers', and Peasants' Deputies is not only the form of a higher type of democratic institution...but is the only form capable of ensuring the most painless transition to socialism" (see Vol. XXII, p. 131). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-9109677427434105492?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/9109677427434105492/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/only-dictatorship-of-proletariat-can.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/9109677427434105492'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/9109677427434105492'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/only-dictatorship-of-proletariat-can.html' title='ONLY A DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLETARIAT CAN SAVE UNITED STATES FROM THIS CAPITALIST HELL !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-4085668138238487369</id><published>2010-03-23T20:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-23T20:46:10.244-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='depression'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='glenn beck'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cake slavery'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Golden Corral Fat Buffets'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><title type='text'>IT IS SO COMPLICATED TO BE FREE THAT MOST PEOPLE IN USA HAVE DECIDED NOT TO DECIDE AND NOT TO BE FREE IN THIS CAPITALIST PRE-DETERMINED SYSTEM !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/YpCASVFyQoE&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/YpCASVFyQoE&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-4085668138238487369?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/4085668138238487369/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/it-is-so-complicated-to-be-free-that.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/4085668138238487369'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/4085668138238487369'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/it-is-so-complicated-to-be-free-that.html' title='IT IS SO COMPLICATED TO BE FREE THAT MOST PEOPLE IN USA HAVE DECIDED NOT TO DECIDE AND NOT TO BE FREE IN THIS CAPITALIST PRE-DETERMINED SYSTEM !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-2570212174605018942</id><published>2010-03-21T22:08:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-21T22:09:35.249-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the doors'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='art is the great anti-depressant of life'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nietzsche'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rush'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='neo'/><title type='text'>JIM MORRISON SAYS THAT ROCK CONCERTS CAN BE TOOLS TO OVERTHROW THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/OoVJ-55ZloE&amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;hl=en_US&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/OoVJ-55ZloE&amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;hl=en_US&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="425" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-2570212174605018942?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/2570212174605018942/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/jim-morrison-says-that-rock-concerts.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2570212174605018942'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2570212174605018942'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/jim-morrison-says-that-rock-concerts.html' title='JIM MORRISON SAYS THAT ROCK CONCERTS CAN BE TOOLS TO OVERTHROW THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3795145427927718930</id><published>2010-03-21T19:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-21T19:25:24.565-07:00</updated><title type='text'>WATCH HUGO CHAVEZ LIVE</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="560" height="340" id="livestreamPlayer" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://cdn.livestream.com/grid/LSPlayer.swf?channel=aporrea&amp;amp;autoPlay=false"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed id="livestreamPlayer" src="http://cdn.livestream.com/grid/LSPlayer.swf?channel=aporrea&amp;amp;autoPlay=false" width="560" height="340" allowScriptAccess="always" allowFullScreen="true" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px;padding-top:10px;text-align:center;width:560px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.livestream.com/aporrea?utm_source=lsplayer&amp;utm_medium=embed&amp;utm_campaign=footerlinks" title="Watch aporrea"&gt;aporrea&lt;/a&gt; on livestream.com. &lt;a href="http://www.livestream.com/?utm_source=lsplayer&amp;utm_medium=embed&amp;utm_campaign=footerlinks" title="Broadcast Live Free"&gt;Broadcast Live Free&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3795145427927718930?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3795145427927718930/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-hugo-chavez-live.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3795145427927718930'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3795145427927718930'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-hugo-chavez-live.html' title='WATCH HUGO CHAVEZ LIVE'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8287924963384418915</id><published>2010-03-21T11:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-21T11:39:11.653-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='immorality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='christ will return to judge the capitalist system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='american women are lesbians'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='second coming of christ'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='lesbian fascism'/><title type='text'>WATCH THIS 3 HOUR MOVIE BY MICHAEL TSARION ABOUT HOW THE US CAPITALIST SYSTEM LEADS MANY GIRLS IN USA TO LIFT WEIGHTS AND IMMORAL LESBIANISM !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed id=VideoPlayback src=http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=-8545585184878490822&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=true style=width:400px;height:326px allowFullScreen=true allowScriptAccess=always type=application/x-shockwave-flash&gt; &lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;USA IS FUCKED UP !! WATCH THIS VIDEO-MOVIE BY CONSPIRACY THEORIST MICHAEL TSARION ABOUT HOW THE EVIL USA CAPITALIST SLAVERY OF CORRUPTION LEADS TO PSYCHOPATHY, AND CRAZYNESS IN ALL USA CITIZENS, WE ARE FUCKED UP !! MOVE TO CUBA, VENEZUELA OR TO KOREA IF U CAN !!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8287924963384418915?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8287924963384418915/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-3-hour-movie-by-michael.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8287924963384418915'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8287924963384418915'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-3-hour-movie-by-michael.html' title='WATCH THIS 3 HOUR MOVIE BY MICHAEL TSARION ABOUT HOW THE US CAPITALIST SYSTEM LEADS MANY GIRLS IN USA TO LIFT WEIGHTS AND IMMORAL LESBIANISM !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3691829396521255292</id><published>2010-03-20T19:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-21T11:49:11.004-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the will to power'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='weight training kills depression'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ancient greeks were bodybuilders'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nietzsche'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='weight-training'/><title type='text'>BUY THE BOOK THE WILL TO POWER BY FREDRICH NIETZSCHE.  NIETZSCHE'S PHILOSOPHY IS THE ONLY THING THAT CAN OVERTHROW CAPITALISM IN USA !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/S6WL61yjsdI/AAAAAAAAAeM/FRLKK21N3wQ/s1600-h/arnie-predator.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5450916766989660626" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 258px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/S6WL61yjsdI/AAAAAAAAAeM/FRLKK21N3wQ/s320/arnie-predator.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Will-Power-Friedrich-Nietzsche/dp/0394704371/ref=cm_cr_pr_product_top"&gt;http://www.amazon.com/Will-Power-Friedrich-Nietzsche/dp/0394704371/ref=cm_cr_pr_product_top&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche saw political correctness ("the values that judge") coming over a century before it started taking hold. It is only in this book of his notes that his ideas about the consequences of the feminism, physiological exhaustion, and degeneracy of our 'leading lights', and the passive and active nihilism that it brings forth, are expressed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This one extract says far more than all of the books by the modern 'philosophers' and 'psychologists' put together do about the nature of what we are still blindly staring in the face...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;37 (Spring - Fall 1887)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The development of pessimism into nihilism. - Denaturalisation of values. Scholasticism of values. Detached and idealistic, values, instead of dominating and guiding action, turn against action and condemn it. Opposites replace natural degrees and ranks. Hatred against the order of rank. Opposites suit a plebeian age because easier to comprehend. The repudiated world versus an artificially built "true, valuable" one. - Finally: one discovers of what material one has built the "true world": and now all one has left is the repudiated world, and one adds this supreme disappointment to the reasons why it deserves to be repudiated. At this point nihilism is reached: all one has left are the values that pass judgement - nothing else.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Here the problem of strength and weakness originates:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. The weak perish of it.&lt;br /&gt;2. Those who are stronger destroy what does not perish.&lt;br /&gt;3. Those who are strongest overcome the values that pass judgement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"In sum this constitutes the tragic age."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you have read all of Nietzsche's completed works you should have a good idea of the full compass of his thinking, and a good feel for his unique ability to express himself. You should be able to tell if two people with no such genius - his sister, Elizabeth, or his associate, Peter Gast - who were responsible for compiling this book - were in any way responsible for altering any of these notes in order to add weight to Nazi philosophy. If those talentless people had added ideas to these notes that Nietzsche would not have agreed with, the changes would have been all too apparent. For instance, all of a sudden Nietzsche would have been shown to hold anti-Semitic views. Views that he deplored. In fact, on one notable occasion, Wagner's anti-Semitism made him feel physically ill, and it was one of the reasons he ended his friendship with the composer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This book should get five stars every time. Even if you disagree with the ideas, the book is still a masterpiece of philosophy. Some people are offended by many of the ideas, especially when the find out the close relationship between Nietzschean and Nazi philosophy. But that's the facts. Certainly to claim that Nietzschean and Nazi philosophy were identical is to make a huge mistake. But to deny the enormous influence that Nietzsche had on the Third Reich is moronic as well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;People like to sidestep this by saying that the nazi's twisted Nietzschean philosophy around. I have conducted my own research on both Nietzschean philosophy and Nazi thought especially in Hitler. They share enormous similarities that are not simply the result of nazi misinterpretation. Nietzsche called for a master race but he did not believe it existed yet. Nietzsche specifically wanted to breed men like dogs,cats,etc. He wanted to create a breed of superior men, superior that is as he valued it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The superior man, Ubermensch, would be a man who possessed the will to power in a much more intense form than mediocre, or herd men. Hitler also wanted to do this. In one quote, he talks of how those who understand National Socialism to be only politics do not understand it. Hitler says that it is even more than religion, it is a will to a new creation of Man. He also talks about the new age in which the folkish ideology will, instead of merely breeding dogs,animals, etc, will set out to raise man himself. Since both thinkers, Hitler and Nietzsche saw man as completely physiological beings, all behaviors, attitudes, etc. would have to be the result of physiological differences.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Just as one can breed stronger, more aggressive, bigger dogs, so these two men believed one could breed a superior type of man, a beast of prey as Nietzsche called him, who had an overflowing health, superior strength (physical and spiritual), and possessed the will to power in its flood rather than its ebb. Certainly there are some passages that oppose what would later become nazi ideas, such as antisemitism. This does not change the fact that Nietzsche did advocate mass murder for the weak and ill-constituted, not just in this book, also in The Antichrist, Thus Spoke Zarathustra. When one reads his later works and sees how he continuously praises hardness, intolerance, severity, evil (as morality of his day saw it), power, creativity, how can one NOT see this likeness to nazi philosophy?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There could be no better antidote to the modern ills than this book. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3691829396521255292?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3691829396521255292/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/read-book-will-to-power-by-fredrich.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3691829396521255292'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3691829396521255292'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/read-book-will-to-power-by-fredrich.html' title='BUY THE BOOK THE WILL TO POWER BY FREDRICH NIETZSCHE.  NIETZSCHE&apos;S PHILOSOPHY IS THE ONLY THING THAT CAN OVERTHROW CAPITALISM IN USA !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/S6WL61yjsdI/AAAAAAAAAeM/FRLKK21N3wQ/s72-c/arnie-predator.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3973845281956980001</id><published>2010-03-20T17:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-21T22:06:19.259-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='conformity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='alex lifeson'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='signals'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='subdivisions'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grace under pressure'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='neil peart'/><title type='text'>GEDDY LEE, WHO IS AN ANTI-CAPITALISM PHILOSOPHER TALKS ABOUT HIS BASEBALL PASSION !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="320" height="265"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/jYE-SyZ0iwo&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/jYE-SyZ0iwo&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="320" height="265"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3973845281956980001?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3973845281956980001/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/geddy-lee-who-is-anti-corporate.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3973845281956980001'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3973845281956980001'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/geddy-lee-who-is-anti-corporate.html' title='GEDDY LEE, WHO IS AN ANTI-CAPITALISM PHILOSOPHER TALKS ABOUT HIS BASEBALL PASSION !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-2114072530815251773</id><published>2010-03-20T17:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-20T17:32:24.566-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the doors'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='united socialist front'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='hugo chavez is a saint'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialism is the kingdom of god'/><title type='text'>RAY MANZAREK FROM THE SOCIALIST ROCK BAND THE DOORS !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="320" height="265"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/87gCh9V0VOs&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/87gCh9V0VOs&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="320" height="265"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-2114072530815251773?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/2114072530815251773/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/ray-manzarek-from-socialist-rock-band.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2114072530815251773'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2114072530815251773'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/ray-manzarek-from-socialist-rock-band.html' title='RAY MANZAREK FROM THE SOCIALIST ROCK BAND THE DOORS !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5927447124363066431</id><published>2010-03-20T17:25:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-20T17:28:14.086-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the will to power'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the doors'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tea party terrorists'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jack daniels'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nietzsche'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the superman'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jim morrison'/><title type='text'>WATCH THIS INTERVIEW BY THE SOCIALIST RAY MANZAREK BY THE SOCIALIST ROCK BAND THE DOORS. A MUST WATCH !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="320" height="265"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Ii29Eqs_iNU&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Ii29Eqs_iNU&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="320" height="265"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5927447124363066431?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5927447124363066431/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-interview-by-socialist-ray.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5927447124363066431'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5927447124363066431'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-interview-by-socialist-ray.html' title='WATCH THIS INTERVIEW BY THE SOCIALIST RAY MANZAREK BY THE SOCIALIST ROCK BAND THE DOORS. A MUST WATCH !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-6835515574107091238</id><published>2010-03-19T18:43:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-19T19:03:35.892-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Golden Corral Fat Buffets'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><title type='text'>USA IS NOT A FREE PLACE. AINT GOT THE RIGHT TO VOTE, AIN'T GOT THE RIGHT TO ANY HONEST CHOICE !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/bDzL_WU3mmE&amp;amp;hl=" fs="1&amp;amp;" width="320" height="265" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This song is all about the capitalist system in America and its faults. I think the first stanza is mostly about the zionist imperialist oppressive foreign policy. The people saying that we, Americans, would "be better off dead" are people in other countries who have been affected (probably not in a good way) by the US Imperialist Foreing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The line, "Don't feel like Satan, but I am to them" probably refers to the people in the Middle East who refer to us as "The Great Satan," and who are certianly among those who think we would be better off dead. The second stanza takes aim on our domestic policy, how we neglect the most poor and needy members of our society. The last stanza seems like an indictment of President Bush (the first one) who I assume was the president at the time Neil wrote this song. There are several allusions to his speeches and catchphrases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That's just what i think. The song could actually be about our "sending aid to those f*ckfaces in other countries." Only one man knows the answer for sure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are only two classes int he fascist USA, the rich and the poor. The United States is called the free world but you have people suffering on the streets and kids who will never have a chance. Its also not because you are helping so called f*ckfaces in other countries who are starving people because there is no work or food and a corrupt goverment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reason is because you got some billionair making another million and wars that are costing billions. In America the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Anyway back to the song. He doesnt feel like Satan but he is to them because he is one of the rich or one that doesnt need help. He tries to forget anyway he can because he is trying to ignore the real problems. In the end its talking about how we have all these things in life but yet we cant even help are own struggling people. So I think Rocking in the free world is anti-zionism, anti-capitalism, anti-USA song because of some of these reasons. By the way saw Neil in Vancouver and he kicked ass. He is the most under rated music artist there is. He is one of the best.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ROCKING IN A FREE WORLD BY NEIL YOUNG &amp;amp; PEARL JAM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There's colors on the street&lt;br /&gt;Red, white and blue&lt;br /&gt;People shufflin' their feet&lt;br /&gt;People sleepin' in their shoes&lt;br /&gt;But there's a warnin' sign on the road ahead&lt;br /&gt;There's a lot of people sayin' we'd be better off dead&lt;br /&gt;Don't feel like Satan, but I am to them&lt;br /&gt;So I try to forget it, any way I can.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world,&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world,&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I see a woman in the night&lt;br /&gt;With a baby in her hand&lt;br /&gt;Under an old street light&lt;br /&gt;Near a garbage can&lt;br /&gt;Now she puts the kid away, and she's gone to get a hit&lt;br /&gt;She hates her life, and what she's done to it&lt;br /&gt;There's one more kid that will never go to school&lt;br /&gt;Never get to fall in love, never get to be cool.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world,&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world,&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We got a thousand points of light&lt;br /&gt;For the homeless man&lt;br /&gt;We got a kinder, gentler,&lt;br /&gt;Machine gun hand&lt;br /&gt;We got department stores and toilet paper&lt;br /&gt;Got styrofoam boxes for the ozone layer&lt;br /&gt;Got a man of the people, says keep hope alive&lt;br /&gt;Got fuel to burn, got roads to drive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world,&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world,&lt;br /&gt;Keep on rockin' in the free world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-6835515574107091238?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/6835515574107091238/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/usa-is-not-free-place-aint-got-right-to.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6835515574107091238'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6835515574107091238'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/usa-is-not-free-place-aint-got-right-to.html' title='USA IS NOT A FREE PLACE. AINT GOT THE RIGHT TO VOTE, AIN&apos;T GOT THE RIGHT TO ANY HONEST CHOICE !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5609272433112492541</id><published>2010-03-17T19:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-17T19:26:17.801-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='synagogue of satan'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='satanic jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='evil jews'/><title type='text'>VICE PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN CONDEMNS THE EVIL JEWS FOR BUILDING HOUSES ON PALESTINE LANDS</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="295"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Yxhkf78wwaQ&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Yxhkf78wwaQ&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="295"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5609272433112492541?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5609272433112492541/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/vice-president-joe-biden-condemns-evil.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5609272433112492541'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5609272433112492541'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/vice-president-joe-biden-condemns-evil.html' title='VICE PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN CONDEMNS THE EVIL JEWS FOR BUILDING HOUSES ON PALESTINE LANDS'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3618008763384759882</id><published>2010-03-17T17:11:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-17T17:13:25.428-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='duncan hines'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='gyms'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='zoloft'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='weight training kills depression'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='digiornos pizza'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='existential boredom'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cake slavery'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Golden Corral Fat Buffets'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='moving to cuba'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='i walk to kill depression'/><title type='text'>THIS VIDEO IS A MUST WATCH: IT'S THE LATEST VIDEO BY WORKERS-WORLD PARTY ABOUT THE USA ECONOMIC TOTAL COLLAPSE !! A MUST WATCH, USA IS FUCKED UP !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gc2xPwI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3618008763384759882?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3618008763384759882/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/this-video-is-must-watch-its-latest.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3618008763384759882'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3618008763384759882'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/this-video-is-must-watch-its-latest.html' title='THIS VIDEO IS A MUST WATCH: IT&apos;S THE LATEST VIDEO BY WORKERS-WORLD PARTY ABOUT THE USA ECONOMIC TOTAL COLLAPSE !! A MUST WATCH, USA IS FUCKED UP !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3536353911076474354</id><published>2010-03-12T15:39:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-12T15:40:34.179-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tool'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='9-11 was done by jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='second coming of christ'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='satanic jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='glenn beck'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialism is the kingdom of god'/><title type='text'>WHAT WAS IT LIKE TO SEE THE FACE OF YOUR OWN STABILITY IN THIS CAPITALIST SYSTEM</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/LBgAYO5XWOE&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/LBgAYO5XWOE&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3536353911076474354?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3536353911076474354/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/what-was-it-like-to-see-face-of-your.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3536353911076474354'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3536353911076474354'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/what-was-it-like-to-see-face-of-your.html' title='WHAT WAS IT LIKE TO SEE THE FACE OF YOUR OWN STABILITY IN THIS CAPITALIST SYSTEM'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-6770788687324888977</id><published>2010-03-12T14:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-12T14:50:10.906-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='9-11 was done by jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='wars'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Republican Party voters'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Trotsky'/><title type='text'>WATCH THIS TROTSKY SPEECH ABOUT THE WARS</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/kBLnTNL5ZPQ&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/kBLnTNL5ZPQ&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-6770788687324888977?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/6770788687324888977/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-trotsky-speech-about-wars.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6770788687324888977'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6770788687324888977'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-trotsky-speech-about-wars.html' title='WATCH THIS TROTSKY SPEECH ABOUT THE WARS'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-6772172536589625347</id><published>2010-03-12T11:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-12T11:15:37.384-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans are depressed'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='living in usa is depressive'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='depression'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='usa is sad'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='glenn beck'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='moving to uruguay'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is a death-penalty'/><title type='text'>THERE HAS TO BE AN INVISIBLE SUN THAT GIVES US HOPE WHEN THE WHOLE DAY IS GONE</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZziWz4StM2g&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZziWz4StM2g&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I don't see the indications that the song is specifically about Northern Ireland. It is certainly talking about a place where the government oppresses the people and industrial jobs make things even bleaker, but that could be any Orwellian society. It could have just as well been about East Germany or the USSR, couldn't it? In fact, was Northern Ireland at any point in the 20th century really as bad as the place this song describes?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The lines "they're only going to change this place by killing everybody in the human race", if taken literally, indicate that the song is not about one country or another but a fictional one-world government -- certainly to change Northern Ireland, or even the USSR, you wouldn't have to kill everybody in the human race. You wouldn't even have to have killed all the citizens of Northern Ireland.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The invisible sun is something the speaker imagines that could get one hope despite the bleakness of life in this society. It is powerfully ambiguous to say "there has to be..." He may be saying that such a thing does already exist, or else people would not be able to endure the way they do. Or he may be saying that things are too bleak and that such a thing is needed, but hasn't come along yet. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And then again, the extra production actually works fine on some of the tracks. There's no way the band could have inserted all that creepiness and near-gothic majesty into a song like 'Invisible Sun' three years ago. It may deal with the problems of Northern Ireland, of course, but you wouldn't really know that without a special education problem - basically, it's just a violent social rant from Stingie. Wait... violent? It's as stern and becalmed as anything, and that gives the song an extra edge. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That unnerving countdown of one... two... three... four... five... six... at the beginning, the robotic dum-dum-dum of the main synthline, Andy's solid repetitive riff, the menacing whoah-whoah harmonies, and above all, Sting's vocal manner the likes of which he'd never assumed before: immobile and dark, without the usual whiny or screechy overtones, like he's the Lord Jesus or something. Yeah yeah I know what you're thinking about, but believe me, it really works - even in the somewhat 'brighter' chorus section, which contrasts with the dark verses in a way that doesn't please everyone (I think I see the obvious seam, too), but which you eventually get used to.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Invisible Sun' is, IMHO, the best song on here, but in no way does it overshadow the rest - as is the usual trick, EVERY song on here has at least something going on for it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-6772172536589625347?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/6772172536589625347/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/there-has-to-be-invisible-sun-that.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6772172536589625347'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6772172536589625347'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/there-has-to-be-invisible-sun-that.html' title='THERE HAS TO BE AN INVISIBLE SUN THAT GIVES US HOPE WHEN THE WHOLE DAY IS GONE'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3954411329509804152</id><published>2010-03-11T19:22:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-11T19:24:45.222-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='duncan hines'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='depression'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sex is evil'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='9-11 was done by jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sara palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cake slavery'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='evil jews'/><title type='text'>THE USA ECONOMY IS FUCKED UP !! I AM MOVING TO CUBA, WATCH MIKE RIVERO ABOUT 9-11 AND THE LIVE-AID FRAUD !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="480" height="386" id="utv450025" name="utv_n_985614"&gt;&lt;param name="flashvars" value="loc=%2F&amp;amp;autoplay=false&amp;amp;vid=5343025" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /&gt;&lt;param name="src" value="http://www.ustream.tv/flash/video/5343025" /&gt;&lt;embed flashvars="loc=%2F&amp;amp;autoplay=false&amp;amp;vid=5343025" width="480" height="386" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" id="utv450025" name="utv_n_985614" src="http://www.ustream.tv/flash/video/5343025" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" /&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3954411329509804152?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3954411329509804152/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/usa-economy-is-fucked-up-i-am-moving-to.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3954411329509804152'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3954411329509804152'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/usa-economy-is-fucked-up-i-am-moving-to.html' title='THE USA ECONOMY IS FUCKED UP !! I AM MOVING TO CUBA, WATCH MIKE RIVERO ABOUT 9-11 AND THE LIVE-AID FRAUD !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-6408943332285109422</id><published>2010-03-11T17:27:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-11T17:28:37.717-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='evil jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='baptists are jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jews are extraterrestrials'/><title type='text'>THE EVIL JEWISH MEDIA IS BRAINWASHING CHILDREN WITH THE HOLOCAUST</title><content type='html'>&lt;object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="480" height="386" id="utv397468" name="utv_n_339188"&gt;&lt;param name="flashvars" value="loc=%2F&amp;amp;autoplay=false&amp;amp;vid=5368445" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /&gt;&lt;param name="src" value="http://www.ustream.tv/flash/video/5368445" /&gt;&lt;embed flashvars="loc=%2F&amp;amp;autoplay=false&amp;amp;vid=5368445" width="480" height="386" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" id="utv397468" name="utv_n_339188" src="http://www.ustream.tv/flash/video/5368445" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" /&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-6408943332285109422?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/6408943332285109422/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/evil-jewish-media-is-brainwashing.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6408943332285109422'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6408943332285109422'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/evil-jewish-media-is-brainwashing.html' title='THE EVIL JEWISH MEDIA IS BRAINWASHING CHILDREN WITH THE HOLOCAUST'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-2967942612208663716</id><published>2010-03-08T18:10:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-08T18:11:02.687-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='duncan hines'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cicis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cake slavery'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Golden Corral Fat Buffets'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='pecan pies'/><title type='text'>JOSE PABLO FEINMANN ABOUT THE BOURGEOISE-CAPITALISTS</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/8ADyY6Bit8w&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/8ADyY6Bit8w&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-2967942612208663716?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/2967942612208663716/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/jose-pablo-feinmann-about-bourgeoise.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2967942612208663716'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2967942612208663716'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/jose-pablo-feinmann-about-bourgeoise.html' title='JOSE PABLO FEINMANN ABOUT THE BOURGEOISE-CAPITALISTS'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-4101868956725557254</id><published>2010-03-08T17:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-08T17:59:00.902-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sex is evil'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialism is the kingdom of god'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jesus christ'/><title type='text'>A REAL SOCIALIST SHOULD BE HONEST AND PURE LIKE JESUS CHRIST. "Keep far away from sexual sins."  -1 Corinthians 6:18</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/85SitaLxqTc&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/85SitaLxqTc&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Keep far away from sexual sins. All the other sins a person commits are outside his body. But sexual sins are sins against one's own body." -1 Corinthians 6:18 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-4101868956725557254?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/4101868956725557254/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/real-socialist-should-be-honest-and.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/4101868956725557254'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/4101868956725557254'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/real-socialist-should-be-honest-and.html' title='A REAL SOCIALIST SHOULD BE HONEST AND PURE LIKE JESUS CHRIST. &quot;Keep far away from sexual sins.&quot;  -1 Corinthians 6:18'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-9052240229079614782</id><published>2010-03-08T17:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-08T17:51:56.070-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tea party terrorists'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Even Flow'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='glenn beck'/><title type='text'>EVEN FLOW !!  SOME DAY WE'LL BEGIN OUR LIVES AGAIN !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/CxKWTzr-k6s&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/CxKWTzr-k6s&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-9052240229079614782?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/9052240229079614782/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/even-flow-some-day-well-begin-our-lives.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/9052240229079614782'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/9052240229079614782'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/even-flow-some-day-well-begin-our-lives.html' title='EVEN FLOW !!  SOME DAY WE&apos;LL BEGIN OUR LIVES AGAIN !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8058029774053550567</id><published>2010-03-06T12:26:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-06T12:26:53.055-08:00</updated><title type='text'>WATCH THIS VERY IMPORTANT LEON TROTSKY SPEECH IN MEXICO</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/DzNPXQo3_DY&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/DzNPXQo3_DY&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8058029774053550567?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8058029774053550567/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-very-important-leon-trotsky.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8058029774053550567'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8058029774053550567'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-very-important-leon-trotsky.html' title='WATCH THIS VERY IMPORTANT LEON TROTSKY SPEECH IN MEXICO'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-2112216837028215199</id><published>2010-03-06T12:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-06T12:05:32.092-08:00</updated><title type='text'>WATCH THIS 1 HOUR VIDEO ABOUT "WHAT IS SOCIALISM?" BY A LEADER OF THE WORKERS INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed id=VideoPlayback src=http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=-1471875736746417530&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=true style=width:400px;height:326px allowFullScreen=true allowScriptAccess=always type=application/x-shockwave-flash&gt; &lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-2112216837028215199?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/2112216837028215199/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-1-hour-video-about-what-is.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2112216837028215199'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2112216837028215199'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-1-hour-video-about-what-is.html' title='WATCH THIS 1 HOUR VIDEO ABOUT &quot;WHAT IS SOCIALISM?&quot; BY A LEADER OF THE WORKERS INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5654367605984951246</id><published>2010-03-05T19:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-05T19:46:58.557-08:00</updated><title type='text'>WATCH THIS DOCUMENTARY BY DR. STAN MONTEITH ABOUT THE COMING NAZI POLICE FASCISM IN USA !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed id=VideoPlayback src=http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=-8049928552570056488&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=true style=width:400px;height:326px allowFullScreen=true allowScriptAccess=always type=application/x-shockwave-flash&gt; &lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5654367605984951246?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5654367605984951246/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-documentary-by-dr-stan.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5654367605984951246'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5654367605984951246'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-documentary-by-dr-stan.html' title='WATCH THIS DOCUMENTARY BY DR. STAN MONTEITH ABOUT THE COMING NAZI POLICE FASCISM IN USA !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8458810227533614123</id><published>2010-03-05T19:40:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-05T19:41:48.908-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='american christian churches are satanics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism is the system of lucifer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='real israel are the poor workers'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='fake-christianity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialist-rapture'/><title type='text'>MY FRIENDS: THE REAL JESUS CHRIST WILL BE A WORLD-COMMUNIST LEADER WHO WILL OVERTHROW THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM IN THE RAPTURE (MOST US CHURCHES ARE FAKE)</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/qNZvfiKrJHo&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/qNZvfiKrJHo&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8458810227533614123?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8458810227533614123/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/my-friends-real-jesus-christ-will-be.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8458810227533614123'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8458810227533614123'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/my-friends-real-jesus-christ-will-be.html' title='MY FRIENDS: THE REAL JESUS CHRIST WILL BE A WORLD-COMMUNIST LEADER WHO WILL OVERTHROW THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM IN THE RAPTURE (MOST US CHURCHES ARE FAKE)'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3488155297827407084</id><published>2010-03-05T19:33:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-05T19:34:16.012-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialism is the kingdom of god'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jesus christ'/><title type='text'>SIGNS OF THE SECOND RETURN OF JESUS CHRIST TO JUDGE THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM (THE SYSTEM OF SATAN)</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/pJ0SAnfo7Sk&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/pJ0SAnfo7Sk&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3488155297827407084?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3488155297827407084/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/signs-of-second-return-of-jesus-christ.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3488155297827407084'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3488155297827407084'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/signs-of-second-return-of-jesus-christ.html' title='SIGNS OF THE SECOND RETURN OF JESUS CHRIST TO JUDGE THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM (THE SYSTEM OF SATAN)'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-7642583333917398130</id><published>2010-03-05T19:22:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-05T19:24:01.309-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stalin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tea party terrorists'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='hugo chavez is a saint'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='glenn beck'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans hate socialism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Republican Party voters'/><title type='text'>JOSEPH STALIN WAS A TRUE SUPERMAN !! THE SUPERMAN IS THE MEANING OF THE EARTH !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/nLqplbwD644&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/nLqplbwD644&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-7642583333917398130?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/7642583333917398130/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/joseph-stalin-was-true-superman.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/7642583333917398130'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/7642583333917398130'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/joseph-stalin-was-true-superman.html' title='JOSEPH STALIN WAS A TRUE SUPERMAN !! THE SUPERMAN IS THE MEANING OF THE EARTH !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5437913657809425798</id><published>2010-03-05T19:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-05T19:17:32.350-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='second coming of christ'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans hate socialism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jesus christ'/><title type='text'>PATIENCE MY FRIENDS: CHRISTIAN-SOCIALISM WILL COME STEP BY STEP !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/hLp6tE_UMZI&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/hLp6tE_UMZI&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I met a fan dancer down in southside Birmingham She was running from a fat man&lt;br /&gt;Selling salvation in his hand.&lt;br /&gt;Now he's trying to save me&lt;br /&gt;Well I'm doing all right the best that I can.&lt;br /&gt;Just another fallen angel trying to get through the night.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Step by step one by one&lt;br /&gt;higher and higher&lt;br /&gt;Step by step rung by rung&lt;br /&gt;I'm climbing Jacob's ladder.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Coming over the airwaves the man says&lt;br /&gt;I'm overdue &lt;br /&gt;Sing along send some money&lt;br /&gt;join the chosen few.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hey mister I'm not in a hurry&lt;br /&gt;And I don't want to be like you&lt;br /&gt;And all I want from tomorrow is to get it better than today.&lt;br /&gt;Step by step one by one&lt;br /&gt;higher and higher&lt;br /&gt;Step by step rung by rung&lt;br /&gt;I'm climbing Jacob's la dder .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All I want from tomorrow is to get it better than today.&lt;br /&gt;Step by step one by one&lt;br /&gt;higher and higher&lt;br /&gt;Step by step rung by rung&lt;br /&gt;climbing and climbing&lt;br /&gt;Step by step one by one&lt;br /&gt;step by step rung by rung&lt;br /&gt;Step by step&lt;br /&gt;Ohhhhhhhhh &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5437913657809425798?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5437913657809425798/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/patience-my-friends-christian-socialism.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5437913657809425798'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5437913657809425798'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/patience-my-friends-christian-socialism.html' title='PATIENCE MY FRIENDS: CHRISTIAN-SOCIALISM WILL COME STEP BY STEP !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-2080218577855408161</id><published>2010-03-04T19:41:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-04T19:51:45.323-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the will to power'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tool'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='marx'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='carl jung'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nietzsche'/><title type='text'>CHANGE WILL COME THRU OUR SHADOW !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Tja6_h4lT6A&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Tja6_h4lT6A&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-2080218577855408161?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/2080218577855408161/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/change-will-come-thru-our-shadow.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2080218577855408161'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2080218577855408161'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/change-will-come-thru-our-shadow.html' title='CHANGE WILL COME THRU OUR SHADOW !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-2117314066956707345</id><published>2010-03-04T19:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-04T19:08:53.472-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='binge-eating'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nationalize mcdonalds and pizza hut'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='pancakes'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cicis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cake slavery'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Golden Corral Fat Buffets'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='baptists are jews'/><title type='text'>CINDY SHEEHAN SAYS THAT US FASCIST EMPIRE IS A CANCER AROUND THE WORLD, SPREADING BLOOD, PANCAKES, MCDONALDS AND EVIL FATTENING FOODS !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="560" height="340" id="preview-player1" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://cdn.livestream.com/grid/LSPlayer.swf?channel=aporrea&amp;amp;clip=pla_d0537ca9-26a8-4e7a-b98a-dea839ba0955&amp;amp;autoPlay=false"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed id="preview-player" src="http://cdn.livestream.com/grid/LSPlayer.swf?channel=aporrea&amp;amp;clip=pla_d0537ca9-26a8-4e7a-b98a-dea839ba0955&amp;amp;autoPlay=false" width="560" height="340" allowScriptAccess="always" allowFullScreen="true" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 11px;padding-top:10px;text-align:center;width:560px"&gt;Watch &lt;a href="http://www.livestream.com/?utm_source=lsplayer&amp;utm_medium=embed&amp;utm_campaign=footerlinks" title="live streaming video"&gt;live streaming video&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.livestream.com/aporrea?utm_source=lsplayer&amp;utm_medium=embed&amp;utm_campaign=footerlinks" title="Watch aporrea at livestream.com"&gt;aporrea&lt;/a&gt; at livestream.com&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-2117314066956707345?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/2117314066956707345/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cindy-sheehan-says-that-us-fascist.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2117314066956707345'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2117314066956707345'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cindy-sheehan-says-that-us-fascist.html' title='CINDY SHEEHAN SAYS THAT US FASCIST EMPIRE IS A CANCER AROUND THE WORLD, SPREADING BLOOD, PANCAKES, MCDONALDS AND EVIL FATTENING FOODS !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8428062721976546647</id><published>2010-03-02T08:38:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-02T08:41:38.518-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='poverty'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans love poverty'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans hate wealth'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='wake up'/><title type='text'>WAKE UP, I KNOW THAT AMERICANS ARE AFFRAID OF CHANGE, BUT WE NEED A CHANGE TOWARD SOCIALISM !!! ONLY A BOLIVARIAN-SOCIALIST SYSTEM CAN SAVE USA !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/--Wpz4NAHtY&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/--Wpz4NAHtY&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fuck this country, where most people conform to a life of food. And even The Holy Bible says that mankind cannot live by bread (food) alone.  The US Capitalist system can only provide americans food, and cheap food. But americans need nationalized utility services, nationalized universities, nationalized health care, and nationalized Wal-Mart, Mcdonalds, and most mega-stores.  So that the goods and services would be a lot cheaper to the American Consumer.  But it seems that americans hate wealth and love poverty.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Americans should be less conformists, more egocentric, and worry more about their own economic status, about their poor lives, about their lack of progress, and only socialism can make americans rich.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8428062721976546647?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8428062721976546647/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/wake-up-i-know-that-americans-are.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8428062721976546647'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8428062721976546647'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/wake-up-i-know-that-americans-are.html' title='WAKE UP, I KNOW THAT AMERICANS ARE AFFRAID OF CHANGE, BUT WE NEED A CHANGE TOWARD SOCIALISM !!! ONLY A BOLIVARIAN-SOCIALIST SYSTEM CAN SAVE USA !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-4238415622123067020</id><published>2010-03-01T11:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-01T11:08:33.100-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans love Wal Mart'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sensory deprivation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='marx'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans hate JFK'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cuban paradise'/><title type='text'>WATCH THIS VIDEO ON BUILDING A UNITED SOCIALIST FRONT AGAINST THE PAIN AND MISERY CAUSED BY CAPITALISM IN USA !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gb6oEQI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-4238415622123067020?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/4238415622123067020/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-video-on-building-united.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/4238415622123067020'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/4238415622123067020'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/03/watch-this-video-on-building-united.html' title='WATCH THIS VIDEO ON BUILDING A UNITED SOCIALIST FRONT AGAINST THE PAIN AND MISERY CAUSED BY CAPITALISM IN USA !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-2188033713434681331</id><published>2010-02-28T17:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-28T17:03:35.123-08:00</updated><title type='text'>THE LOW WAGE CAPITALIST HELL PART 1, BY FRED GOLDSTEIN</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gb_hBQI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-2188033713434681331?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/2188033713434681331/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/02/low-wage-capitalist-hell-part-1-by-fred.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2188033713434681331'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2188033713434681331'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/02/low-wage-capitalist-hell-part-1-by-fred.html' title='THE LOW WAGE CAPITALIST HELL PART 1, BY FRED GOLDSTEIN'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5869532432734701981</id><published>2010-02-28T16:59:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-28T17:00:04.200-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tea party terrorists'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans hate JFK'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jews came from monkeys and pigs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Israeli pigs'/><title type='text'>50 YEARS OF SOCIALIST STRUGGLE BY THE WORKERS WORLD PARTY OF USA</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gcLSPgI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5869532432734701981?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5869532432734701981/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/02/50-years-of-socialist-struggle-by.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5869532432734701981'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5869532432734701981'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/02/50-years-of-socialist-struggle-by.html' title='50 YEARS OF SOCIALIST STRUGGLE BY THE WORKERS WORLD PARTY OF USA'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-6389599016466549084</id><published>2010-02-28T12:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-28T12:27:35.464-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='haiti'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='workers control'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='obama fraud'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism'/><title type='text'>WATCH THIS VIDEO BY COMRADE LARRY HOLMES ABOUT THE OBAMA FRAUD AND THE END OF CAPITALISM IN USA !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed src="http://blip.tv/play/gv15gcPxVwI" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="391" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-6389599016466549084?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/6389599016466549084/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/02/watch-this-video-by-comrade-larry.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6389599016466549084'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6389599016466549084'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/02/watch-this-video-by-comrade-larry.html' title='WATCH THIS VIDEO BY COMRADE LARRY HOLMES ABOUT THE OBAMA FRAUD AND THE END OF CAPITALISM IN USA !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-3270659093186345019</id><published>2010-02-27T20:28:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-27T20:32:35.855-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='depression'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sensory deprivation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nirvana'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='moving to cuba'/><title type='text'>AND BY THE GRACE OF GOD GO I INTO THE GREAT UNKNOWN, THINGS ARE GONNA CHANGE IN OUR FAVOR !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/yBbl3RpgNN4&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/yBbl3RpgNN4&amp;hl=en_US&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She lies in a bedpan&lt;br /&gt;With her name scrawled on her back&lt;br /&gt;It sure sounds funny&lt;br /&gt;When you say his name like that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He lies in an empty room&lt;br /&gt;With his hair burnt to the back&lt;br /&gt;It sure sounds funny&lt;br /&gt;When you say his name like that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ship me off to the morgue&lt;br /&gt;I'm ready to be buried&lt;br /&gt;Alone way down in my bed, bed&lt;br /&gt;And I'm alone without the sun&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ship me off to the morgue&lt;br /&gt;I'm ready to be buried&lt;br /&gt;Alone way down in my bed, bed&lt;br /&gt;And I'm alone without the sun&lt;br /&gt;Please just take one&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And by the grace of God go I&lt;br /&gt;Into the great unknown&lt;br /&gt;Things are gonna change in our favor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And if we gather, if we fall&lt;br /&gt;Over the great unknown&lt;br /&gt;Things are gonna change in our favor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oh they're found dead, dead&lt;br /&gt;And I am numb from watching TV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oh they're just there, there&lt;br /&gt;And I am numb from watching TV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please don't break me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And by the grace of God go I&lt;br /&gt;Into the great unknown&lt;br /&gt;Things are gonna change in our favor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And if we gather, if we fall&lt;br /&gt;Over the great unknown&lt;br /&gt;Things are gonna change in our favor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please just take one&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And by the grace of God go I&lt;br /&gt;Into the great unknown&lt;br /&gt;Things are gonna change in our favor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And if we gather, if we fall&lt;br /&gt;Over the great unknown&lt;br /&gt;Things are gonna change in our favor&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-3270659093186345019?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/3270659093186345019/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/02/and-by-grace-of-god-go-i-into-great.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3270659093186345019'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/3270659093186345019'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/02/and-by-grace-of-god-go-i-into-great.html' title='AND BY THE GRACE OF GOD GO I INTO THE GREAT UNKNOWN, THINGS ARE GONNA CHANGE IN OUR FAVOR !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-156271280679996861</id><published>2010-01-27T10:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-01-27T10:13:17.435-08:00</updated><title type='text'>TO ALL DEMOCRAT PARTY VOTERS: DUMP THE DEMOCRAT PARTY AND THINK ABOUT A UNITED SOCIALIST FRONT FOR THE 2012 ELECTIONS  !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="left"&gt;Dear friends who think that Democrats are a people's party. Please take your time to read the 2 articles in the following 2 links on why we need a United Socialist Workers Front in the USA for 2012 or the 2016 elections. And why Democrat Voters should begin to dump the Democrat Party:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.marxist.com/usa-why-we-need-mass-labor-party.htm"&gt;http://www.marxist.com/usa-why-we-need-mass-labor-party.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://counterpunch.org/jacobs01222010.html"&gt;http://counterpunch.org/jacobs01222010.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let other people you know learn about socialism! Spread the word... the more people who know the truth, the greater the force against the capitalist system! Resistance forever!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are a good links toward the introduction of socialist ideology (The only solution for the United States):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.socialistviewpoint.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.socialistviewpoint.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ifamericansknew.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.ifamericansknew.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.stopaipac.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.stopaipac.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.socialistaction.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.socialistaction.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.rwor.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.rwor.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.socialist.net/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.socialist.net&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.socialistworker.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.socialistworker.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.workers.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.workers.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.venezuelanalysis.com&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.trotsky.net/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.trotsky.net&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.marxists.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.marxists.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.socialisappeal.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.socialisappeal.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.marxist.com/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.marxist.com&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wsws.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.wsws.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.socialistalternative.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.socialistalternative.org&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.permanent-revolution.org/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;http://www.permanent-revolution.org/&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;......................./´¯/)&lt;br /&gt;....................,/¯../&lt;br /&gt;.................../..../&lt;br /&gt;............./´¯/'...'/´¯¯`·¸&lt;br /&gt;........../'/.../..../......./¨¯\&lt;br /&gt;........('(...´...´.... ¯~/'...')&lt;br /&gt;.........\.................'...../&lt;br /&gt;..........''...\.......... _.·´&lt;br /&gt;............\..............&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AND REMEMBER: STICK UP YOUR MIDDLE FINGER TO US, EUROPEAN, NATO, ISRAEL AND WORLD IMPERIALISM AND CAPITALIST OPPRESSION !!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-156271280679996861?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/156271280679996861/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/01/to-all-democrat-party-voters-dump.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/156271280679996861'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/156271280679996861'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/01/to-all-democrat-party-voters-dump.html' title='TO ALL DEMOCRAT PARTY VOTERS: DUMP THE DEMOCRAT PARTY AND THINK ABOUT A UNITED SOCIALIST FRONT FOR THE 2012 ELECTIONS  !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-6920690643900080853</id><published>2010-01-26T20:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-01-26T20:01:48.100-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='binge-eating'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cake slavery'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='usa is a hell'/><title type='text'>THE GANGSTER NATURE OF THE STATE PART 2 BY DR. MICHAEL PARENTI</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed id=VideoPlayback src=http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=1355673472758352799&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=true style=width:400px;height:326px allowFullScreen=true allowScriptAccess=always type=application/x-shockwave-flash&gt; &lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-6920690643900080853?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/6920690643900080853/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/01/gangster-nature-of-state-part-2-by-dr.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6920690643900080853'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/6920690643900080853'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/01/gangster-nature-of-state-part-2-by-dr.html' title='THE GANGSTER NATURE OF THE STATE PART 2 BY DR. MICHAEL PARENTI'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8148516138788085566</id><published>2010-01-26T19:59:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-01-26T20:00:05.671-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans love Wal Mart'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='satanic jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><title type='text'>THE GANGSTER NATURE OF THE STATE PART 1 BY DR. MICHAEL PARENTI</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed id=VideoPlayback src=http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=1644452194036300213&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=true style=width:400px;height:326px allowFullScreen=true allowScriptAccess=always type=application/x-shockwave-flash&gt; &lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8148516138788085566?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8148516138788085566/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/01/gangster-nature-of-state-part-1-by-dr.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8148516138788085566'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8148516138788085566'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2010/01/gangster-nature-of-state-part-1-by-dr.html' title='THE GANGSTER NATURE OF THE STATE PART 1 BY DR. MICHAEL PARENTI'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-7544364168869294592</id><published>2009-12-31T19:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-31T19:20:06.171-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='evil jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jews came from monkeys and pigs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='baptists are jews'/><title type='text'>WATCH THESE EVIL SATANIC JEWS ENJOYING A MASSACRE OF PALESTINIANS !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/TkCBK4-5tRI&amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;hl=en_US&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/TkCBK4-5tRI&amp;color1=0xb1b1b1&amp;color2=0xcfcfcf&amp;hl=en_US&amp;feature=player_embedded&amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-7544364168869294592?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/7544364168869294592/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/watch-these-evil-satanic-jews-enjoying.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/7544364168869294592'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/7544364168869294592'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/watch-these-evil-satanic-jews-enjoying.html' title='WATCH THESE EVIL SATANIC JEWS ENJOYING A MASSACRE OF PALESTINIANS !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-2874440864620914304</id><published>2009-12-22T13:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-22T13:18:31.449-08:00</updated><title type='text'>USA IS DOOMED BECAUSE AMERICANS PREFER FAR-RIGHT CONSPIRACY-THEORY MOVEMENTS, INSTEAD OF SOCIALIST MOVEMENTS !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SzE3ZJDPbaI/AAAAAAAAAds/j-29f9w0lMo/s1600-h/queen1_dees.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5418172731769187746" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 302px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SzE3ZJDPbaI/AAAAAAAAAds/j-29f9w0lMo/s320/queen1_dees.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;Hello all: I only get my news from &lt;a href="http://www.dissidentvoice.org/"&gt;http://www.dissidentvoice.org/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://socialistworker.org/"&gt;http://socialistworker.org/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.rwor.org/"&gt;http://www.rwor.org/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.truthdig.org/"&gt;http://www.truthdig.org/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.workers.org/"&gt;http://www.workers.org/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.marxist.com/"&gt;http://www.marxist.com/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.wsws.org/"&gt;http://www.wsws.org/&lt;/a&gt; and a couple of other news sites out there. I used to read news from &lt;a href="http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/"&gt;http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/&lt;/a&gt; but man now I hate Information Clearinghouse. I think that Information Clearinghouse is a far-right wing, racist, libertarian anti-semite site. The Nazi anti-semite, far-right wing libertarian owner of Information Clearinghouse Tom Feeley banned my IP because i used to post socialist, communists, workers-oriented articles. If there is one thing that far-right wing, libertarian conspiracy theorists hate most, is Marx, socialism and communism ideologies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am also banned in the white-nationalist, far-right wing, libertarian conspiracy-theory sites of Alex Jones (infowars.com). Alex Jones alone with a cabal of far-right wing conspiracy theorist writters write articles against black people and immigrants.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are doomed in USA, with a weak left, and a country like USA where people are following the far-right wing white-nationalist libertarian conspiracy theory movements instead of supporting and following leftist parties and leftist movements as electoral options to the traditional political parties of USA (Democratic Party and Republican Party).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-2874440864620914304?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/2874440864620914304/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/usa-is-doomed-because-americans-prefer.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2874440864620914304'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2874440864620914304'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/usa-is-doomed-because-americans-prefer.html' title='USA IS DOOMED BECAUSE AMERICANS PREFER FAR-RIGHT CONSPIRACY-THEORY MOVEMENTS, INSTEAD OF SOCIALIST MOVEMENTS !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SzE3ZJDPbaI/AAAAAAAAAds/j-29f9w0lMo/s72-c/queen1_dees.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5648789671939858603</id><published>2009-12-19T18:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T18:11:44.667-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Honda'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='workers control'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='marx'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='united socialist front'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism'/><title type='text'>A NEW HONDA ACCORD EX-L IN USA IS PRICED AROUND $23,162.00, BUT MOST AMERICANS CANNOT AFFORD IT</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/Sy2HhNqD1cI/AAAAAAAAAdk/WXzMVsxH9-s/s1600-h/honda+accord.bmp"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417134931468080578" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 240px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/Sy2HhNqD1cI/AAAAAAAAAdk/WXzMVsxH9-s/s320/honda+accord.bmp" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new Honda Accord EX-L is priced around $23,162.00. Add to this 8 percent in ad-valorem sales tax, insurance, and another $1,000 in the city for plates and you have yourself one luxury automobile. The problem is that about 50 percent of the people in the USA do not make $9.50/hour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The median income is $18,000. A decent home is $130,000. If your weekly pay should be your house payment, then a single-income family would be living in a $40,000 home. Houses are not $40,000 or even $80,000 in most cities in America.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Without a resurgence of union wages, union membership and a United Socialist Front for the 2012 elections americans will have decades of poverty ahead. Perhaps a long, hard, cold winter will get the american people out in the streets to overthrow the capitalist system. Something has to give.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5648789671939858603?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5648789671939858603/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/new-honda-accord-ex-l-in-usa-is-priced.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5648789671939858603'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5648789671939858603'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/new-honda-accord-ex-l-in-usa-is-priced.html' title='A NEW HONDA ACCORD EX-L IN USA IS PRICED AROUND $23,162.00, BUT MOST AMERICANS CANNOT AFFORD IT'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/Sy2HhNqD1cI/AAAAAAAAAdk/WXzMVsxH9-s/s72-c/honda+accord.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-2035913835764239653</id><published>2009-12-17T08:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-17T08:46:29.202-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bush'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='evil jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jews came from monkeys and pigs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='baptists are jews'/><title type='text'>THE HISTORY CHANNEL LIKE MOST TV CHANNELS OF USA ARE OWNED BY EVIL JEWS</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/BqK9GPSO5d8&amp;amp;hl=" fs="1&amp;amp;" width="425" height="344" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear friends and brothers in Christ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We need a humanist government which would reform the media, regulate the media in favor of the poor and oppressed of this country and the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We need to expropiate and Nationalize The History Channel and turn it into a scientific, objective History Channel teaching people History from a scientific, neutral perspective. But the Jewish brainwashing coming from The History Channel is so obvious.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The History Channel is so biased in favor of Zionist Jews. And against Arab nations, which don’t bomb anybody, don’t invade other countries and as corrupt and as immoral as the muslim governments are, they don’t invade, don’t steal lands from others and don’t mass murder like the Israel state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anybody with a shred of common sense and reason can tell that The History Channel is so anti-Arab and so Zionist. D–n, how can people watch that channel and its even shown in many schools in USA?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I watch it some times at night, but this week they have been talking about how the wonderful state of Israel was founded with the support of God.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They even go so far to legimitize fundamentalist Zionists, evangelical far-right wing church leaders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But thanks to the internet, people are waking up to the truth. Because it is the truth, the real truth of what is happening in this world which is what will set people free of Zionism and economic-oppression.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-2035913835764239653?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/2035913835764239653/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/history-channel-like-most-tv-channels.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2035913835764239653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2035913835764239653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/history-channel-like-most-tv-channels.html' title='THE HISTORY CHANNEL LIKE MOST TV CHANNELS OF USA ARE OWNED BY EVIL JEWS'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-1787666603061575835</id><published>2009-12-13T10:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-13T10:51:03.121-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the will to power'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='maynard james keenan'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tool'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans hate marx'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the shadow'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nietzsche'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the matrix'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='weight-training'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='46 and 2'/><title type='text'>4 DEGREES BY TOOL</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/YZBnuM2WazE&amp;amp;hl=" width="425" height="344" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" fs="1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;I think that Maynard is speaking about inner-self. About bringing things to the surface of yourself. Those things within us that we have yet to explore. We should do this in an "Unconventional" or newfound way.("You won't do what you'd like to do.") Destroy things ("I'll kill what you want me to.") that are in you that may be hendering you from nourishment. After you destroy the unneccesary, take the beneficial and grow from it.("Take what's left and eat it.") If we try to deny ourselves of the truth about ourselves. we will do harm to ourselves. Acceptance of one's self. Denial of one's self is raping one's self. We are our worst enemy.... Free your self from your self!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-1787666603061575835?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/1787666603061575835/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/4-degrees-by-tool.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/1787666603061575835'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/1787666603061575835'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/4-degrees-by-tool.html' title='4 DEGREES BY TOOL'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8554531043304916004</id><published>2009-12-06T19:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-06T19:14:35.613-08:00</updated><title type='text'>WHAT USA NEEDS IS A UNITED SOCIALIST FRONT !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/aD7cxfzyQio&amp;amp;hl=" width="425" height="344" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" fs="1&amp;amp;"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8554531043304916004?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8554531043304916004/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/what-usa-needs-is-united-socialist.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8554531043304916004'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8554531043304916004'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/12/what-usa-needs-is-united-socialist.html' title='WHAT USA NEEDS IS A UNITED SOCIALIST FRONT !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-4665930683147210099</id><published>2009-11-25T09:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-25T12:14:56.490-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans hate marx'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='satanic jews'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='hugo chavez is a saint'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans hate socialism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Sarah Palin'/><title type='text'>USA NEEDS A UNITED CHRISTIAN-SOCIALIST FRONT FOR THE 2012 OR 2016 ELECTIONS !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/Sw2QM3dGcsI/AAAAAAAAAdA/vPGZzKwoDJU/s1600/jesussermonontheplain1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5408137278260671170" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 244px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/Sw2QM3dGcsI/AAAAAAAAAdA/vPGZzKwoDJU/s320/jesussermonontheplain1.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/Sw1wXYEnV4I/AAAAAAAAAc4/RxgHiEZAhko/s1600/king+and+kennedy.jpg"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://jeffersonian-anti-israel-socialists.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://jeffersonian-anti-israel-socialists.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DEAR SOCIALIST LEFTIST, CHRISTIANS, MARXIST-JEFFERSONIAN PROGRESSIVE, BOLIVARIAN FRIENDS: WHAT USA NEEDS IS A UNITED CHRISTIAN-SOCIALIST JEFFERSONIAN FRONT: WITH THE IDEOLOGIES AND DOCTRINES OF: THE NEW TESTAMENT OF THE BIBLE, KARL MARX, TROTSKY, LENIN, THOMAS JEFFERSON, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, JOHN F. KENNEDY, GEORGE WASHINGTON, CESAR CHAVEZ, DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, SIMON BOLIVAR, HUGO CHAVEZ FRIAS, AND MANY, MANY, MANY OTHER HUMANISTS, SOCIALISTS, PURITAN, MORALISTS AND GOOD PEOPLE OF THIS WORLD FOR THE POOR PEOPLE, BY THE POOR PEOPLE IN FAVOR OF THE POOR PEOPLE OF USA AND OF THIS WORLD !!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;COMPOSED OF EVERY PROGRESSIVE-CHRISTIAN CHURCHES, ISLAMIC CHURCHES, PROGRESSIVE-JEWISH SOCIALIST CHURCHES, PROGRESSIVE BHUDHISTS, PROGRESSIVE SOCIALIST ATHEISTS AND COMMUNIST, SOCIALIST AND WORKERS PARTY OF THIS COUNTRY, AND GOOD INTENTIONED PEOPLE WITHOUT POLITICAL DOCTRINES LIVING IN USA !!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE FRONT WOULD NOT BE A SINGLE POLITICAL PARTY, BUT A COALISION WHICH WOULD COMBINE IN ONE SINGLE POLE, ALL GOOD PEOPLE OF USA, TO FIGHT THE DARK SATANIC CAPITALIST FORCES OF THIS COUNTRY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-4665930683147210099?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/4665930683147210099/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/usa-needs-united-socialist-front-for.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/4665930683147210099'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/4665930683147210099'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/usa-needs-united-socialist-front-for.html' title='USA NEEDS A UNITED CHRISTIAN-SOCIALIST FRONT FOR THE 2012 OR 2016 ELECTIONS !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/Sw2QM3dGcsI/AAAAAAAAAdA/vPGZzKwoDJU/s72-c/jesussermonontheplain1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-1989784464313629441</id><published>2009-11-23T13:47:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-23T13:53:07.524-08:00</updated><title type='text'>ONLY REPETENTANCE AND BAPTISM UNDER WATER CAN MAKE YOU AN ANTI-CAPITALIST CHRISTIAN-SOCIALIST !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SwsEGqSdleI/AAAAAAAAAcs/6aWFh-EHbL0/s1600/jesussermonontheplain1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5407420290065864162" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 244px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SwsEGqSdleI/AAAAAAAAAcs/6aWFh-EHbL0/s320/jesussermonontheplain1.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;-by Andrew Strom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://revivalschool.com/ask.html"&gt;http://revivalschool.com/ask.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the most basic things that has amazed me for many years is the preaching of "Giving your heart to the Lord" or "Asking Jesus into your life" to become a Christian. Do we not realize that such a practice is found NOWHERE in the entire Bible? Is there ANY example of someone "asking Jesus into their heart" (or similar) to become a Christian in the book of Acts? NO - NOT EVEN ONE. The book of Acts is full of literally thousands of people becoming born-again Christians. And we are often told exactly what these people did. But there is no record of any of them doing anything like "asking Jesus into their heart" to be saved.&lt;br /&gt;Now SURELY, if the church has even remotely got it's act together, it would have this one thing right. Surely this has got to be one of the most crucial and basic points in the whole New Testament:- How exactly are people supposed to become Christians? What were they told to do in the New Testament? A very simple and straight-forward question, you would think. And so vitally important.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But incredibly, it seems that very few of us have even bothered to ask this question or to take on board the glaringly obvious answer. Here we have one of the most vital, fundamental points that it is possible to have in Christianity:- "What shall we DO TO BE SAVED?" And generally speaking, our answer today is utterly different from that of the apostles. Incredible really, isn't it? It's right there in black-and-white, time after time! But TRADITION has blinded our eyes to the Truth. And I'm sure that even many of you reading this will be shocked at how obvious the truth of this matter is.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let's start with the day of Pentecost (-a great place to begin!) As we all know, the Holy Spirit fell on the 120, and they all began to speak in tongues. This is officially known by theologians as the birth of the Church - the beginning of Christianity as we know it. And after Peter preached his convicting sermon to the gathered crowd that day, another 3000 people were added to the church. And we are told exactly what occurred:- "... They were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, 'Brethren, WHAT SHALL WE DO?' And Peter said to them, 'REPENT, and be BAPTIZED every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the FORGIVENESS OF YOUR SINS; and you shall receive the gift of the HOLY SPIRIT'" (Acts 2:37-38 RSV). Notice how different Peter's reply is to what we tell people today. We might have said something like, "Just say this little prayer after me" but Peter said nothing like that at all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There were three elements to what Peter told them:- REPENTANCE, WATER-BAPTISM and receiving the HOLY SPIRIT. We see this pattern repeated again and again, right through the book of Acts (-in fact, throughout the New Testament writings) in the most glaringly obvious way. And yet still we hear, "Just ask Jesus into your heart" preached throughout Christendom today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The next significant people-group to be reached by the early Christians were the Samaritans. In Acts chapter 8 we read how Philip the evangelist saw massive Revival in Samaria:- "But when they believed Philip as he preached good news about the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, they were BAPTIZED, both men and women... Peter and John, who came down and prayed for them that they might RECEIVE THE HOLY SPIRIT" (Acts 8:12-17). Note the identical pattern to the salvations on the day of Pentecost.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I hope you realize that we have been talking about THOUSANDS of conversions here. And NOT ONE of them involved "Giving their heart to the Lord" or "Inviting Jesus to be their personal savior". If you look up these Scriptures in Acts, you will see that every time it was "Repentance, Baptism and Recieiving the Holy Spirit". -Over and over again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The next significant people-group to be reached by the early church were the 'Godly' gentiles (-Acts chapters 10 and 11). Peter was led to preach to Cornelius and his household. And God suddenly moved even while he was still preaching!:- "While Peter was still saying this, the HOLY SPIRIT FELL on all who heard the word... they heard them SPEAKING IN TONGUES and extolling God. Then Peter declared, 'Can anyone forbid water for BAPTIZING these people who have RECEIVED THE HOLY SPIRIT just as we have?' And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ" (Acts 10:44-48). Peter later described the scene again: "As I began to speak, the Holy Spirit FELL ON THEM just as on us at the beginning" (Acts 11:15). He also referred to it as them being "Baptized in the Holy Spirit" (Acts 11:16). I hope you can see from these passages that the Holy Spirit 'FALLING' upon people is the same experience as people 'RECEIVING' or being 'BAPTIZED' in the Holy Spirit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thus we see the same pattern as before, in the salvation experience of Cornelius' household - (1) Repentant hearts, (2) Receiving the Holy Spirit and (3) Baptism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another good example involves some disciples of John the Baptist whom Paul met at Ephesus:- "And Paul said, 'John baptized with the baptism of REPENTANCE, telling the people to believe in the one who was to come after him, that is, Jesus.' On hearing this, they were BAPTIZED in the name of the Lord Jesus. And when Paul laid his hands upon them, the HOLY SPIRIT came on them; and they SPOKE WITH TONGUES and prophesied" (Acts 19:1-6). I guess I hardly need to point out the pattern by now?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notice too that there were no "instructional classes" to prepare people for baptism. All the way through the book of Acts, people were baptized STRAIGHT AWAY, as soon as they were believing and repentant. With the Phillipian jailer, he and his entire household were baptized immediately - IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT (-Acts 16:32-33). With the Ethiopian eunuch, he was baptized by Philip straight away, in some water that they saw while travelling in his chariot (Acts 8:35-38). And the apostle Paul himself was baptized immediately by the disciple Ananias, who said something very interesting to Paul beforehand:- "Rise and be BAPTIZED, and WASH AWAY YOUR SINS, calling on His name" (Acts 22:16). This verse would be treated almost like "heresy" by many in today's church. How shocking to imply that baptism might have something to do with forgiveness and cleansing from our past sins! However, there are many verses like it scattered throughout the New Testament. Also note that Paul was told this DAYS AFTER he had had his blinding 'Damascus Road' experience. Today's Christians might assume that Paul was "born again" during this blinding encounter with God. Not so. Not until Paul was to be BAPTIZED was he to have his sins "washed away". This is clearly what the Scriptures say. Arguments, anyone?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many Christians are taught today that Baptism is basic- ally a 'symbolic' act. In my youth I was raised mainly in Baptist churches, and they always taught that baptism is an "outward SYMBOL of an inner change". Thus baptism is stripped of much of it's significance and power in Christian thinking. For a "symbol" is never as important as the real thing, is it? I have studied baptism extensively in the New Testament. It is NEVER spoken of as a mere 'SYMBOL'. Rather, it is spoken of as being a 'circumcision of the heart', a "cutting off", a "burial" into the DEATH of Christ. And it is also spoken of as being "for the forgiveness of sins" and to "wash one's sins away". I am convinced that in the spirit realm (from God's point of view), baptism is seen as a LITERAL "burial into death" (-see Romans 6) which has a profound effect on our hearts and lives. But still we preach, "Ask Jesus into your heart", and deny many people one of the most vital keys to living a Christian life. I am also convinced that baptism MUST be by 'FULL IMMERSION'. Sprinkling little infants is not enough. This must be baptism for BELIEVERS. And the original Greek word 'baptizo' actually means "TO DIP OR IMMERSE". So people must be 'buried' under the water in baptism, not just sprinkled. (-I'm sure most of you already agree with this).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Likewise I am convinced that Baptism in the Holy Spirit (accompanied by 'speaking in tongues') is ESSENTIAL. It is NOT just an option. As we have seen in the book of Acts, the way that people became Christians in the New Testament was to (1) Repent, (2) Be Baptized in water and (3) Be Baptized in the Holy Spirit (accompanied by 'tongues' as far as we can tell). What right do we have to change the fundamental teachings and practices of the Bible, just so we can make things more "convenient" for new converts? Unless we are getting people saved the Bible way, how can we claim to be getting them saved at all?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are forever talking about being "born again" in the church today. But are we truly getting people 'born again' like they did in Acts? Bearing in mind the pattern that we have seen in the New Testament, what exactly do you think Jesus was talking about when He declared that, "Unless a man is born of WATER and of THE SPIRIT he cannot enter into the kingdom of God"? (Jn 3:5). Born of WATER, born of the SPIRIT. Hmmmmmm. That's a tough one!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baptism in water and the Spirit are never regarded as mere 'options' in the Scriptures. In fact they are clearly ESSENTIAL experiences to begin to walk in Christ's kingdom. There are many Scriptures on this that are often bypassed today or regarded as "inexplicable" because they do not fit in with current tradition. Please take the time to look up the following:- Mark 16:16-18, 1 Peter 3:20-21, Titus 3:5-6, 1 Cor 10:1-2, Gal 3:27, Col 2:11-12, 1 Cor 12:13, Heb 6:1-2, Rom 6:2-11, Rom 8:9, Mt 28:19, etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I really mean it. Please do take the time to look at the above Scriptures if you have any interest in this issue at all. Many people write to me with their opinions, saying, "I cannot believe you are teaching this." -And yet they have never bothered to actually look up the Scriptures on the subject! PLEASE read Acts and look up the above Scriptures before sending me your views.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is my belief that there are a number of important teachings and practices from the early church that will be restored during the coming Revival. (-God often does this in Revivals). I am convinced that the above teaching will be one of them. (-I have believed this for many years).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I realize that I have probably shocked and provoked a number of you with this article. Please believe me, I myself was very shocked when I first came face-to-face with these truths some years ago. They really are very apparent when you study them, but I was blind to them for many years. I was amongst those who gave out tracts like 'The Four Spiritual Laws' and led people in the "sinner's prayer". Like many, I would back this up by mis-applying Rev 3:20 - "Behold I stand at the door and knock. If any man hear my voice and open the door I will come in to him, and sup with him and he with me." It was only later that I realized that, as Leonard Ravenhill points out, this Scripture is clearly aimed at the CHURCH, not at unconverted sinners. It is Jesus standing outside the 'Laodicean' church, trying to get in! Please go and read the whole passage - Rev 3:14-21. You will see what I mean. It is very clear.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am not ashamed that I used to preach these things. It was all I knew at the time. But I was certainly shocked to discover how much of the basic gospel I was leaving out. Like me, there are a number of you who will have to "search the Scriptures to see if these things be so" just as the Bereans did. Believe me, I fought these truths for months before I simply ran out of corners to back into. I knew the implications of this were huge and I just did not want to face it. But there they are in black and white. And this is not a trivial matter. These are key gospel truths that we are talking about here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After writing the first version of this article, many people wrote to me pointing out that the THIEF ON THE CROSS was not baptized or Spirit-filled, yet he was clearly saved. Please believe me, I had all these same objections when I first came across this teaching. But God annihilated all my excuses one by one. So let me deal with this "THIEF ON THE CROSS" thing right here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The most obvious question is:- When did this event occur - was it under the OLD Covenant or the NEW Covenant? When Jesus proffered salvation to the thief, was the Old Covenant still in place, or had the New begun? For clearly, it only became possible to become an actual CHRISTIAN (-born again - a member of Christ's body) AFTER the New Covenant had started. And for the New Covenant to begin, Jesus, the sacrificial Lamb had to die and also be RAISED FROM THE DEAD. The New Covenant could not begin until this occurred. Surely we all know this? Jesus had to die and be raised from the dead, and then ascend into heaven, sending His Holy Spirit, before the Church could truly begin or people could start becoming born-again Christians. That is why people in the Old Testament, or even in Jesus' own day were not "born again" the way we are today. They simply couldn't be. Remember, Jesus said that John the Baptist was the greatest born among men, but even the least in the kingdom was greater than he. John the Baptist couldn't become a "born-again Christian" because the New Covenant had not yet begun. I bet he would have loved the opportunity! Jesus died in agony and was raised again, to purchase for us this wonderful new life in Him. Surely we all know this? GLORY TO GOD!!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now back to the thief. Did he have his conversation with Jesus and die under the New Covenant or the Old? The answer, obviously, is:- The OLD Covenant. He was presumably a Jew - one of God's chosen people (though a sinner), who received a wonderful pardon from Jesus when he repented and turned to Him. But those were very different conditions to those that we live under today. We now have a NEW Covenant - a NEW "agreement" with God, very different from the Old. We have a new and living way in which to walk. How do we enter into it? By being born again - of water and the Spirit. And this has only been possible since Pentecost - the day the church began. I am not saying that "death-bed repentance" is not possible today. I'm sure that God has reached down in His mercy many times to people who have turned to Him when they were close to death. But these are special cases. They are not the "norm" for New Testament Christianity. Repentance, Baptism and receiving the Holy Spirit are ESSENTIAL to enter into the New Covenant, I believe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As I said, many people offer me their own views and opinions on all this without truly studying the basic Scriptures on the matter. It is important to remember that fundamental doctrines are not about mere opinion. They are about what the SCRIPTURES SAY. I tell you, I have put MONTHS of study and prayer into this whole subject. I could tell that it really was THAT important. I honestly considered EVERYTHING - every angle I could find. Please treat this with the seriousness that it is due. This is a very crucial area. I believe these are SALVATION issues that are being discussed here. And the case is enormously strong. Just read the Scriptures. (-It should take less than an hour to read through the Scriptures highlighted above). I urge any of you who are the least bit interested in this to PLEASE read those Scriptures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am well aware that 'doctrine' tends to be divisive by it's very nature. And I know that I am taking a big risk talking so openly about such a controversial teaching. I try and keep right away from doctrinal debates in general. It is only the most fundamental and important issues that I bother making a fuss about. You will notice that even though I run a 'Prophetic' site, there are no debates about the 'Pre-trib'/ Post-trib positions or the exact meaning of Daniel's 70 weeks, etc. I just find such debates pointless and utterly dull, to be honest. I heard the arguments many moons ago, and just cannot stomach any more. I have no desire for nit-picking arguments. But the BIG issues, like New Testament salvation and God's plan for His church - these things I really do care about. For I believe the devil is robbing us blind in some of these crucial areas. And God wants to restore these truths to the church.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Just imagine for a moment that I am right, and baptism and receiving the Holy Spirit are a lot more important than we have been led to believe. Just think how many thousands of believers around the world today have received the Holy Spirit (including 'tongues') but have simply not bothered getting baptized. After all, it's only "symbolic", right? Or perhaps they say, "I got sprinkled as a baby." I myself know many people in this exact position. I think it's terrible, and I believe God does too. Not to mention all the believers who still have not been baptized in the Holy Spirit. Don't you think God's heart aches over all this? Why do people ignore His commands? Our church traditions and habitual patterns have a lot to answer for in this area. This has got to change, my friends. And I believe it will only change when the underlying doctrines are challenged. But if I am right, the devil will fight this all the way. He likes anything that leaves believers impoverished or still chained up in any way. This really is crucial doctrine, otherwise I simply would not bother with it. I have really stuck my neck on the line and risked my reputation over this. And I do not do so lightly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have been accused of being "legalistic" and 'majoring on minor points' by a couple of readers. I really cannot see this. As I have said, some doctrine is "straining at gnats" and some is really crucial. I believe this issue falls into the second category. Others accused me of being "too literal"! (I had to laugh over this). Now this is basic Bible doctrine we are talking about here, isn't it? Too literal? What on earth else should we be?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other readers accused me of believing in "baptismal regeneration". This is not the case. I believe that (1) Repentance, (2) Water-Baptism and (3) Receiving the Holy Spirit, are ALL ESSENTIAL. I do not believe in "baptismal" regeneration. These elements are all equally important and we need to have all three to be able to call ourselves 'New Testament Christians', as far as I can see.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other readers have brought up the verse in Romans that says "If you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead you will be saved" (Rom 10:9). Actually, a number of theologians believe that this statement was used as a kind of "baptismal confession" in the early church. I remember a fellowship I was involved with years ago that used it in exactly this way. To me, this verse "proves" little doctrinally, either way. It needs to be put into context with the WHOLE New Testament to gain the proper perspective on it. I certainly don't see it as proof for 'asking Jesus into our heart'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the most serious allegations I have faced is that I am preaching a kind of "justification by works" by saying that baptism and receiving the Holy Spirit are so essential. And that I am "adding to the gospel" and taking away people's freedom like the Galatians!! Serious charges, indeed. But let's look at this carefully. Is baptism a "work" that I can do to myself? Is receiving the Holy Spirit a "work"? I don't think so! These are initial experiences that are 'DONE TO US' or given to us - they're not things that we can "DO" ourselves, as such. Can I baptize myself? No! And isn't it a brief one-off act of simple faith and obedience anyway? To me, baptism is no more a "work" than, say, the act of "praying a sinner's prayer". The act of opening one's mouth, moving one's jaws and praying is not seen as a work. And neither should baptism be. They only take an instant, after all. The real question is:- Is baptism a truly spiritual act, or is it merely a symbolic ritual? That is the real question. This also brings up the whole issue of 'convenience'. For we love neat little packages that are comfortable and easy in this age, don't we? (-"Just asking Jesus in"). And baptism is so wet and messy, we think. But at the end of the day, what it boils down to is this:- We have to make a decision between doing things the Bible way and doing things the modern 'convenient' way. It is that simple.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, onto something else that numerous people raised:- Where does FAITH come into all this? Aren't we supposed to be saved by FAITH? Absolutely! And faith is at a premium right through this whole thing. What happens when someone hears the gospel and BELIEVES it? (-A crucially important moment). Are they automatically a 'Christian' now? Just through believing what they have heard? Or do they have to act on that belief in some way to become a Christian? Were the Jews who were 'cut to the heart' when Peter preached at Pentecost automatically Christians right then at that moment, or did they have to DO something in FAITH to become Christians? Clearly, they needed to DO something, because Peter told them, "Repent and be baptized, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit." And it is clear that each one of these elements involves the exercise of faith in Jesus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, I believe that when the Bible speaks of the "faith that saves us", and being "JUSTIFIED BY FAITH", it is speaking of the LIFE OF FAITH that we undertake after we have become a Christian. It is 'WALKING IN FAITH' day by day, moment by moment, after having become a Christian that justifies us before God. It is the covering of the blood of Jesus that hides our sin and makes us clean in God's sight. If we are walking in faith, covered by the blood, we are saved, and we must continue to walk in it. And it is clear in the Scriptures that it is only by the POWER OF THE HOLY SPIRIT that we can walk in this kind of saving faith. This faith is a gift from God -"Not of ourselves, lest anyone should boast..." Like the love of God, this faith is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Spirit, who is given to us. So how can we obtain it without RECEIVING THE HOLY SPIRIT? (-Which brings us back to Repentance, Baptism and Receiving the Holy Spirit as our ESSENTIAL starting point in the faith).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually, a couple of readers mentioned something quite interesting about baptism in the book of Acts. For it is noticeable in Acts that everyone was baptized "IN THE NAME OF THE LORD JESUS" or in the 'NAME OF JESUS CHRIST'. Now most churches today baptize in the name of the 'Father, Son and Holy Spirit', and I guess this is a small point, but I believe that if they felt it was important in Acts to speak the name of Jesus Christ over people as they were baptized, then I should do it too. I am not legalistic about the need for this, but personally these days I baptize people "in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, in the NAME OF JESUS CHRIST". (-To make sure all the bases are covered).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To sum up, it is my belief that God has been slowly restoring truth to the church over the centuries since the Dark Ages when so much had been lost. Luther's Reformation saw the restoration of 'Justification by Faith', the Anabaptists re-introduced baptism by immersion, Wesley re-introduced the importance of the 'new birth', and this century the Pentecostals re-discovered the infilling of the Holy Spirit and spiritual gifts. (There have been many other things over time also, but this is just a simple overview). It is my belief that we are now at the stage where God wishes to restore the church to her true original glory, with all the basic doctrines and practices, "church life" and the full original gospel, the 'five-fold' ministries, etc. -Everything. That is what is about to occur in the coming Revival, I believe. And that is another reason why I believe basic New Testament doctrines are so important.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In past centuries, as now, the believers of that time walked in the light that they had, and God will judge them according to the light that was available to them. But now it is time to see the church truly restored to fullness in many areas. And it is going to be UNCOMFORTABLE, and it will surely leave much "SHAKEN" in it's wake. A new Reformation is coming, and it is important that it leaves nothing undone that needs doing. Otherwise our children are going to have to have a further Reformation to correct all that we left undone. Let's make it as complete as possible this time, shall we? For Christ cannot return until a glorious Bride is made ready for Him, without "spot or wrinkle or any such thing". Surely we live in the days of the 'restoration of all things' about which the Scriptures speak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;REPLIES FROM READERS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BRIEF INTRODUCTION BY ANDREW STROM:&lt;br /&gt;The great thing about the below comments is that most of these people actually LOOKED UP the Scriptures on this subject! People will be amazed when they do this. In fact, if people read the entire Book of Acts, taking careful note of EVERY conversion and what happened, then they will be amazed the same way. Another thing you can do when studying this kind of issue is get a Concordance and look up EVERY Scripture on 'Baptism' and so-on. I encourage everybody to do this kind of thing. None of this is about our own "opinions". It is about what the SCRIPTURES CLEARLY SAY on the subject. Four interesting replies are below:&lt;br /&gt;_________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rachel H. writes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I want to thank you so much for your article on Lie # 1 - "Ask Jesus Into Our Heart". I was raised in a Baptist church also, so this is all new to me. I was skeptical at first, but I looked up every single verse in that article, and I have to say, WOW! I never knew that baptism played such an important role in becoming a Christian! I was baptized at a young age, but that was only because I had said that famous short prayer to accept Jesus into my heart, and attended the baptismal preparation classes!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I know that now, 13 years later, its time to be truly baptized. You covered every area, most of which I have never even known about, thank you so much!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I would also like to share something that God had revealed to me a couple of months ago about churches and the body of Christ. It started after I read a book about a revival that had taken place in Africa in the 50's. The key factor to their revival was REPENTANCE. When the people realized that Jesus had died for their sins, and they truly believed, they began repenting, confessing sins out loud, in front of large groups of people!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They weren't doing it for show, many times they were crying and moaning, sickened at their own sins but desperate to get it out. There was such a spirit of conviction there, that some of the people, as poor as they were, began repaying money that they had stolen years before that, or giving back eggs and animals that they had wrongfully taken. They were asking for forgiveness from other people left and right for things they had thought or said in anger and hate. Some of the people tried to keep their sins in, and they actually got physically sick until that sin was confessed. Some of the sins were more serious, but sin is sin to God, right?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What God revealed to me about churches is that everyone has some hidden sin that they don't want anyone to know about. Even the pastors and elders are hiding sin that they don't want to share, because, of course, they don't want to be looked down upon! God showed me that people need to confess their sins, they need to be truly repentant of them for there to be any kind of revival.&lt;br /&gt;_____________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pastor David K. writes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bro Andrew Strom, thank you for your response on the first of nine - "ASK JESUS into our Heart".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You have opened my eyes on this one. I have read your article line by line and verse by verse. You have turned my heart. I will watch with the same interest for the other eight. I see your postion and on this point concede, I have been trained more by tradition than by the Word.&lt;br /&gt;-Sincerely, Pastor David K.&lt;br /&gt;_____________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ian writes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Having just returned from India I must make the following observations re- salvation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be a Christian in the churches that I ministered in means a turning away from the old gods and destroying of all idols. They regard people as seekers of truth at this stage, but its not until they are Baptised in Water which is usually followed by an infilling of the Holy Spirit that they are regarded as Christian. I want to tell you that there is a tremendous cost to being publicly baptised. Often it is accompanied by a separation of familiy members who refuse to accept that they have become Christians. The truth is that if a Hindu comes to Church He is not percecuted but the moment a decision is made to be baptised "all Hell" breaks loose. Because what is happening is more than symbolic, it is an act of covenant. A demonstration of alliegance to a Kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Brian J. writes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rev. David Pawson from England has written a book and done a video, both entitled "The Normal Christian Birth"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both are in line with your position. David speaks of repentance towards God, faith in Jesus, baptism in water and the infilling of the Holy Spirit as the steps involved in the "Normal Christian Birth", based on the accounts in the Book of Acts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anchor Recordings summarise it as follows: "So often, spiritual disease can be traced back to an inadequate initiation into the Kingdom. A better birth means greater growth in a healthy Christian life. David Pawson discusses some crucial and controversial biblical texts, challenging many traditional interpretations. He questions the adequacy of the typical "'sinners prayer'' approach and gives practical tips on helping potential disciples to repent, believe, be baptised and recieve the Holy Spirit. 326 pages"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps those who argue against might like to read the book or get hold of the video themselves. In the UK both are available from- http://www.anchor-recordings.com/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-1989784464313629441?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/1989784464313629441/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/only-repetentance-and-baptism-under.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/1989784464313629441'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/1989784464313629441'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/only-repetentance-and-baptism-under.html' title='ONLY REPETENTANCE AND BAPTISM UNDER WATER CAN MAKE YOU AN ANTI-CAPITALIST CHRISTIAN-SOCIALIST !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SwsEGqSdleI/AAAAAAAAAcs/6aWFh-EHbL0/s72-c/jesussermonontheplain1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-2957686663248496369</id><published>2009-11-22T12:22:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-22T12:25:51.537-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='southern bakery'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='duncan hines'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='pancakes'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='joe weider'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Angelina Jolie'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ancient greeks were bodybuilders'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nietzsche'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cake slavery'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='physical perfection'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='brad pitt'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ugly dumb people'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Israeli pigs'/><title type='text'>DO YOU WANT TO LOOK LIKE ANGELINA JOLIE AND BRAD PIT? FOLLOW A ZERO-CARBOHYDRATE DIET !!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/Swmd4mWf-xI/AAAAAAAAAck/hoXEDdrL2aA/s1600/angelina-jolie.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5407026423328144146" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 212px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/Swmd4mWf-xI/AAAAAAAAAck/hoXEDdrL2aA/s320/angelina-jolie.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Do you want to look like Jesica Alba, Brad Pitt, Christian Bale and be healthy? follow a zero-carb diet (zero-carb diet is the secret of the elites)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-2957686663248496369?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/2957686663248496369/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/do-you-want-to-look-like-angelina-jolie.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2957686663248496369'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/2957686663248496369'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/do-you-want-to-look-like-angelina-jolie.html' title='DO YOU WANT TO LOOK LIKE ANGELINA JOLIE AND BRAD PIT? FOLLOW A ZERO-CARBOHYDRATE DIET !!'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/Swmd4mWf-xI/AAAAAAAAAck/hoXEDdrL2aA/s72-c/angelina-jolie.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5192752807521386553</id><published>2009-11-19T20:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-19T20:40:14.629-08:00</updated><title type='text'>TAKE A LOOK AT THE ANTI-SCIENTIFIC MANNER OF DEBATING OF HIGH-CARBERS, LOW-CALORIE DIETERS IN MANY FORUMS</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://forums.lylemcdonald.com/showthread.php?p=66720&amp;amp;posted=1#post66720"&gt;http://forums.lylemcdonald.com/showthread.php?p=66720&amp;amp;posted=1#post66720&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My nick is dietwalker&lt;br /&gt;and i was debating with BFLmichelle (A pro-high carb diets)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Today, 10:18 PM&lt;br /&gt;dietwalker&lt;br /&gt;Member Join Date: Apr 2009&lt;br /&gt;Posts: 32&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I think you are generalizing a bit. I mean I acknolwedge that many low-carbers don't lose weight on low-carb diets, but so what, but many people on high-carb, low-calorie diets don't lose fat either. I think that people have to count food portions and calories and control themselves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However i do think that protein and fats are more satisfyng and control hunger a lot better than carbohydrates, because of the insulin spike produced by a diet high on carbohydrates even if its low in calories.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another bad thing about carbohydrates is that the more carbohydrates people eat the more fat they store.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So beware of those cakes, pastas, and nice pancakes because they are indeed fattening&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But like Lyle Mcdonalds said, at the end of the day, what counts is calories, but the good thing about high protein, low carb diets is that protein controls cravings and hunger a lot more efficient than those evil starchy carbohydrates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quote:&lt;br /&gt;Originally Posted by BFLMichelle&lt;br /&gt;I have come across two very over weight women in the last two months doing low carb plans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One flat told me I didn't know what I was talking about (calories in versus calories out) because there was science behind low carb allowing those doing low carb to eat as many calories as they wanted and still lose weight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She doesn't exercise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I told her to catch up with me in about a month and let me know how much BF she's lost and where she was th her plan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second lady has been dieting and working out for 4 weeks now and has not lost an ounce....but she counts her carbs. I suggested she also count calories for at least a few days just to see where she was and possibly reduce them a bit. She pretty much just looked right through me and re-stated that she had to count carbs because she is diabetic. Ok, I asked how much protein she was getting and how much fat. She didn't know.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This lady could still have the woosh effect and she might be ok.....but somehow I doubt it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This has been my experience with almost everyone I've come across doing low carb, they think they can eat unlimted calories and still lose weight because they eat low carb. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5192752807521386553?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5192752807521386553/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/take-look-at-anti-scientific-manner-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5192752807521386553'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5192752807521386553'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/take-look-at-anti-scientific-manner-of.html' title='TAKE A LOOK AT THE ANTI-SCIENTIFIC MANNER OF DEBATING OF HIGH-CARBERS, LOW-CALORIE DIETERS IN MANY FORUMS'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-5894578015445969247</id><published>2009-11-18T18:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-18T19:07:58.752-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='simon bolivar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='hugo chavez is a saint'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='socialism is the kingdom of god'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jesus christ'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='george washington'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Israeli pigs'/><title type='text'>READ THESE GEORGE WASHINGTON QUOTES TO FIGHT ISRAELI FASCISM AND TO DEFFEND USA FROM INTERNAL CAPITALIST ENEMIES, AND EXTERNAL CAPITALIST ENEMIES</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SwS2fM8BvpI/AAAAAAAAAb0/qDFl5hMDVOs/s1600/alg_presidents.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405646099916635794" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 226px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SwS2fM8BvpI/AAAAAAAAAb0/qDFl5hMDVOs/s320/alg_presidents.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;While we are contending for our own liberty, we should be very cautious not to violate the rights of conscience in others, ever considering that God alone is the judge of the hearts of men, and to him only in this case they are answerable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Benedict Arnold, Sep. 14, 1775&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nothing is a greater stranger to my breast, or a sin that my soul more abhors, than that black and detestable one, ingratitude.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Governor Dinwiddie, May 29, 1754&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a Destiny which has the control of our actions, not to be resisted by the strongest efforts of Human Nature.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Mrs. George William Fairfax, Sep. 12, 1758&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At a time, when our lordly masters in Great Britain will be satisfied with nothing less than the deprivation of American freedom, it seems highly necessary that something should be done to avert the stroke, and maintain the liberty, which we have derived from our ancestors. But the manner of doing it, to answer the purpose effectually, is the point in question. That no man should scruple, or hesitate a moment, to use arms in defence of so valuable a blessing, on which all the good and evil of life depends, is clearly my opinion. Yet arms, I would beg leave to add, should be the last resource, the dernier resort. Addresses to the throne, and remonstrances to Parliament, we have already, it is said, proved the inefficacy of. How far, then, their attention to our rights and privileges is to be awakened or alarmed, by starving their trade and manufacturers, remains to be tried.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to George Mason, Apr. 5, 1769&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I shall not be deprived ... of a comfort in the worst event, if I retain a consciousness of having acted to the best of my judgment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Colonel Bassett, Jun. 19, 1775&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Remember that it is the actions, and not the commission, that make the officer, and that there is more expected from him, than the title.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, Address to the Officers of the Virginia Regiment, Jan. 8, 1756&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is with pleasure I receive reproof, when reproof is due, because no person can be readier to accuse me, than I am to acknowledge an error, when I am guilty of one; nor more desirous of atoning for a crime, when I am sensible of having committed it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Governor Dinwiddie, Aug. 27, 1757&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have diligently sought the public welfare; and have endeavoured to inculcate the same principles in all that are under me. These reflections will be a cordial to my mind as long as I am able to distinguish between Good &amp;amp; Evil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to the Speaker of the House of Burgesses, Dec. 1756&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ways of Providence being inscrutable, and the justice of it not to be scanned by the shallow eye of humanity, nor to be counteracted by the utmost efforts of human power or wisdom, resignation, and as far as the strength of our reason and religion can carry us, a cheerful acquiescence to the Divine Will, is what we are to aim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Colonel Bassett, Apr. 25, 1773&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A man's intentions should be allowed in some respects to plead for his actions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to the Speaker of the House of Burgesses, Dec. 1756&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I shall make it the most agreeable part of my duty to study merit, and reward the brave and deserving.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, Address to the Officers of the Virginia Regiment, Jan. 8, 1756&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By the all-powerful dispensations of Providence, I have been protected beyond all human probability and expectation; for I had four bullets through my coat, and two horses shot under me, yet escaped unhurt, altho' death was levelling my companions on every side.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to John A. Washington, Jul. 18, 1755&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Labour to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire, called conscience.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, Rules of Behavior&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliance with any portion of the foreign world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, Farewell Address to the People of the United States&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Discipline is the soul of an army. It makes small numbers formidable; procures success to the weak and esteem to all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to the Captains of the Virginia Regiments&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of all the animosities which have existed among mankind, those which are caused by a difference of sentiments in religion appear to be the most inveterate and distressing, and ought most to be deprecated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Sir Edward Newenham, Oct. 20, 1792&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Few men have virtue enough to withstand the highest bidder.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter, Aug. 17, 1779&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Be courteous to all but intimate with few, and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence; true friendship is a plant of slow growth, and must undergo and withstand the shocks of adversity before it is entitled to appellation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter, Jan. 15, 1783&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A people... who are possessed of the spirit of commerce, who see and who will pursue their advantages may achieve almost anything.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Benjamin Harrison&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I hold the maxim no less applicable to public than to private affairs, that honesty is the best policy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, Farewell Address to the People of the United States&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Truth will ultimately prevail where there is pains taken to bring it to light.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Charles M. Thruston, Aug. 10, 1794&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a very important source of strength and security, cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is, to use it as sparingly as possible; avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace, but remembering also that timely disbursements to prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater disbursements to repel it; avoiding likewise the accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of peace to discharge the debts, which unavoidable wars may have occasioned, not ungenerously throwing upon posterity the burthen, which we ourselves ought to bear.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, Farewell Address, Sep. 17, 1796&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However [political parties] may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, Farewell Address, Sep. 17, 1796&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To contract new debts is not the way to pay old ones.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to James Welch, Apr. 7, 1799&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is nothing so likely to produce peace as to be well prepared to meet an enemy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Elbridge Gerry, Jan. 29, 1780&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to James Madison, Mar. 2, 1788 &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Browse &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.notable-quotes.com/w/washington_george_ii.html"&gt;&lt;em&gt;George Washington Quotes II&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Browse &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.notable-quotes.com/w/washington_george_iii.html"&gt;&lt;em&gt;George Washington Quotes III&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Browse &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.notable-quotes.com/w/washington_george_iv.html"&gt;&lt;em&gt;George Washington Quotes IV&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Browse &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.notable-quotes.com/w/washington_george_v.html"&gt;&lt;em&gt;George Washington Quotes V&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Browse &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.notable-quotes.com/w/washington_george_vi.html"&gt;&lt;em&gt;George Washington Quotes VI&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Browse &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.notable-quotes.com/w/washington_george_vii.html"&gt;&lt;em&gt;George Washington Quotes VII&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Browse &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.notable-quotes.com/w/washington_george_viii.html"&gt;&lt;em&gt;George Washington Quotes VIII&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Browse &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.notable-quotes.com/w/washington_george_ix.html"&gt;&lt;em&gt;George Washington Quotes IX&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-5894578015445969247?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/5894578015445969247/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/read-these-george-washington-quotes-to.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5894578015445969247'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/5894578015445969247'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/read-these-george-washington-quotes-to.html' title='READ THESE GEORGE WASHINGTON QUOTES TO FIGHT ISRAELI FASCISM AND TO DEFFEND USA FROM INTERNAL CAPITALIST ENEMIES, AND EXTERNAL CAPITALIST ENEMIES'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SwS2fM8BvpI/AAAAAAAAAb0/qDFl5hMDVOs/s72-c/alg_presidents.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8425607678921183419</id><published>2009-11-17T19:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-05T10:52:07.823-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='americans love Wal Mart'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='depression'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sensory deprivation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='boredom'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rush'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='existential vaccum'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='capitalism'/><title type='text'>SUBDIVISIONS BY RUSH DESCRIBES THE EXISTENTIAL-VACCUM FELT BY PEOPLE LIVING IN USA</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Lu9Ycq64Gy4&amp;amp;hl=" width="425" height="344" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" fs="1&amp;amp;rel="&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Its a song about non-conformity and how society tries to make people into a conforming drone. This is particularily bad in most cities suburbs where the roads, the corners, the mini shopping centers, the buildings and the homes are built exactly the same by the same builder, where people drive the same types and brands of cars and high school is all about being part of the crowd. The song is about the need for conformity and mass consumerism in the neoliberal economic model we live in. Neoliberalism cannot function without it. When I listen to it, I hear an amazingly written eulogy for society by Neil Peart, Geddy Lee and Alex Lifeson.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I also think it represents Neil Peart, Geddy Lee and Alex Lifeson falling away a bit from their earlier beliefs, as they mentioned they had. There is nothing inherently wrong with suburbia or living in it, if that is what someone desires. A lot of people don't have the desire to go to "the bright lights." This song is clearly more about conformity, which can be found anywhere in United States: the suburbs, in the city, or "the far unlit unknown." In my opinion, the only flaw in this song is the focus on suburbia as the only place where conformity can be found. Popular opinion has been manipulated to belive that The Suburbs are the worst place for conformity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conformity also occurs when many people seek the same thing, including excitement in The Bright Lights (Everyone else is doing "the cool thing", so why shouldn't I?). That being said, Subdivisions is my favorite Rush song, and the best synth song ever. So much to write about this song. Basically, it's a song about the "ticking traps" that american people in this violent country fall into. A nightmare neoliberal-world where a person's main desire is a never ending escape from the suburbs. The suburbs can take many forms: from the boring, quiet life of suburbia to the pleasure seeking thrill ride of the big city. Ultimately, the suburbs offer nothing meaningful, and there is no escape within or between them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, in the first verse an outlet is available: "the far unlit unknown." This unknown exist within each person-the unique thoughts and feelings that make an individual; tragically, few venture very far into this territory. I'm also inclined to think that it's more about teens trying to breakaway from suburbia (and thier upper-middle class parents telling them HOW to think/beleive/be), only for some to discover (as Neil Peart writes) "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;...Some will sell their dreams for small desires - Or lose the race to rats - Get caught in ticking traps "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Afterwards these suburb-raised, city-stressed folk "...start to dream of somewhere - To relax their restless flight - Somewhere out of a memory - Of lighted streets on quiet nights... "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I think it's more of a commentary on the seduction of city life and the potential trappings it brings. It is also a social commentary on how cliques are hurtful, and how expectations of comformity often drive away our best and brightest. Very much like the suburbs of Tennessee, Boston, Pennsylvania, New York and Chicago&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RUSH&lt;br /&gt;Subdivisions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu9Ycq64Gy4"&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu9Ycq64Gy4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sprawling on the fringes of the city&lt;br /&gt;In geometric order&lt;br /&gt;An insulated border&lt;br /&gt;In between the bright lights&lt;br /&gt;And the far unlit unknown&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Growing up it all seems so one-sided&lt;br /&gt;Opinions all provided&lt;br /&gt;The future pre-decided&lt;br /&gt;Detached and subdivided&lt;br /&gt;In the mass production zone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nowhere is the dreamer&lt;br /&gt;Or the misfit so alone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Subdivisions ---&lt;br /&gt;In the high school halls&lt;br /&gt;In the shopping malls&lt;br /&gt;Conform or be cast out&lt;br /&gt;Subdivisions ---&lt;br /&gt;In the basement bars&lt;br /&gt;In the backs of cars&lt;br /&gt;Be cool or be cast out&lt;br /&gt;Any escape might help to smooth&lt;br /&gt;The unattractive truth&lt;br /&gt;But the suburbs have no charms to soothe&lt;br /&gt;The restless dreams of youth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Drawn like moths we drift into the city&lt;br /&gt;The timeless old attraction&lt;br /&gt;Cruising for the action&lt;br /&gt;Lit up like a firefly&lt;br /&gt;Just to feel the living night&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some will sell their dreams for small desires&lt;br /&gt;Or lose the race to rats&lt;br /&gt;Get caught in ticking traps&lt;br /&gt;And start to dream of somewhere&lt;br /&gt;To relax their restless flight&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Somewhere out of a memory &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6708024332621986010-8425607678921183419?l=tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/feeds/8425607678921183419/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/subdivisions-by-rush-describes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8425607678921183419'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6708024332621986010/posts/default/8425607678921183419'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tennessee-chaviztas.blogspot.com/2009/11/subdivisions-by-rush-describes.html' title='SUBDIVISIONS BY RUSH DESCRIBES THE EXISTENTIAL-VACCUM FELT BY PEOPLE LIVING IN USA'/><author><name>marxist-socialist</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13669780917397223522</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='28' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lrFvv4LWJs/TwpT86TM6uI/AAAAAAAAAn0/4uhI0hNap2o/s220/chavez_castro.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6708024332621986010.post-8651445308536314928</id><published>2009-11-17T13:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-11-17T13:33:51.593-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the will to power'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nietzsche'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the superman'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='the matrix'/><title type='text'>NIETZSCHE AS CRITIC AND CAPTIVE OF ENLIGHTENMENT</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SwMUOviN00I/AAAAAAAAAbs/Ea_BX4wM73Y/s1600/friedrich_nietzsche_image_1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5405186221285430082" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_QbQDsqVmE6Y/SwMUOviN00I/AAAAAAAAAbs/Ea_BX4wM73Y/s320/friedrich_nietzsche_image_1.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Nietzsche as Critic and Captive of Enlightenment&lt;br /&gt;Doctoral Dissertation&lt;br /&gt;© 1995 by Lewis Call&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;University of California, Irvine&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://jeffersonian-anti-israel-socialists.blogspot.com/2009/11/nietzsche-as-critic-and-captive-of.html"&gt;http://jeffersonian-anti-israel-socialists.blogspot.com/2009/11/nietzsche-as-critic-and-captive-of.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.scrye.com/~station/dissertation.html"&gt;http://www.scrye.com/~station/dissertation.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Note: This online version of my dissertation contains no italics, as I have not had time to mark up the entire work in HTML. I ask the reader to forgive the resulting inaccuracies in quotation; all quotes are exact, apart from the lack of emphasis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Introduction: Nietzsche as Critic and Captive of Enlightenment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"What is Enlightenment?" This question, asked by Immanuel Kant as he stood at the heart of the seventeenth century Enlightenment and again by Michel Foucault in our own century, is in many ways the defining intellectual question of our time. We must ask it because Enlightenment continues to be part of our intellectual and cultural tradition; as we strive to further our knowledge at the university, to reform and improve society in South Central Los Angeles and to promote the cause of individual liberty in Sarajevo, we are all children of the Enlightenment. Yet Enlightenment is also an intellectual movement that carries with it some sobering dangers. It is a totalizing and, some would say, totalitarian ethos; by making universal claims about humans and about their societies and their politics, Enlightenment threatens to silence unenlightened voices and discourses.1 It may well be, then, that Enlightenment is something that we will wish to overcome. But it is not a movement that is easy to surpass. Some of the most important intellectual work of this century has been concerned with the possibilities of escaping the tradition of the Enlightenment.2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This attempt to overcome Enlightenment, however, has a history that begins well before our century, and one of the most important episodes in this history is to be found in the nineteenth century with Friedrich Nietzsche. Before postmodernism and poststructuralism, Nietzsche provided a virulent and comprehensive critique of the Enlightenment. The attack on Enlightenment is a thread that runs through his entire corpus. An examination of his work makes it clear, however, that Nietzsche was unable to overcome this pervasive, intractable tradition. Despite his best efforts, Nietzsche's work contains persistent elements of Enlightenment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This dissertation is an inquiry into the status, nature and extent of Nietzsche's critique of Enlightenment. It is also an attempt to explore the limitations of that critique. I would like to make clear at the outset that when I use the terms "Enlightenment" or "Enlightened" I am referring to a very particular aspect of a very broad intellectual movement. Quite simply, I am talking about Nietzsche's Enlightenment: as this is a work about Nietzsche, I select for discussion aspects of the Enlightenment that are directly relevant to his work. The six intellectual figures I discuss as representatives of the Enlightenment--Descartes, Rousseau, Kant, Mill, Darwin and Spencer--are all figures whom Nietzsche directly attacks in his work. Furthermore, as I shall make clear below, I believe that they represent essential aspects of Enlightenment thought. Descartes and Darwin promoted an Enlightened faith in human reason, science and progress. Rousseau and Mill showed a very Enlightened concern with human liberty and freedom. Kant represents the attempt to construct an Enlightened morality through the use of reason, and Spencer made an attempt to synthesize Enlightened science and politics. These are not the only authors who represent the Enlightenment, by any means. But these six individuals do represent the Enlightenment that Nietzsche encountered. And as such, they are indispensable to a clear understanding of his response to that Enlightenment. They provide, in short, the historical context without which we cannot fully understand Nietzsche's critique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It should be clear by now that the Enlightenment I am discussing covers a fairly broad time period. Certainly one could make a case that the Enlightenment was a phenomenon of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and that it did not extend into the nineteenth century in any significant way. I wish to argue against this interpretation for two reasons. First, I do not believe that this approach adequately accounts for the influence that the Enlightenment retained, particularly in matters of science and politics, through the nineteenth century and indeed to the present day. Second, and more importantly for the present work, I do not believe that Nietzsche saw the Enlightenment as something that ended with the French Revolution. The problem of Mill, Darwin and Spencer was not, as Nietzsche saw it, that they were intellectually or culturally dangerous in an isolated way. Rather, it was that they represented an insidious nineteenth century manifestation of his old enemy, Enlightenment: older, wiser and more clever, and thus all the more threatening.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is not a coincidence that the three nineteenth century figures I have selected are all English. Nineteenth century England represented in Nietzsche's eyes the Enlightened society achieved. In its political forms, in its unquestioning faith in the possibilities of science and industry, in its unshakable confidence that it represented better than any other nation the future of human progress, England stood for the Enlightenment that Nietzsche despised. I would also like to say a word about the social status of these six men. They were all, with the qualified exception of Rousseau, members of the aristocracy or the comfortable middle class. I make no attempt to deal with the kind of lower-class Enlightenment that Robert Darnton explores3, not because it is unimportant, but again, because it was unimportant to Nietzsche. The Enlightenment that he attacked was the Enlightenment of elites, and it is with this Enlightenment that we must be concerned if we wish to explore his critique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My reasons for selecting these six men as representatives of Nietzsche's Enlightenment are hopefully clear. I would now like to say something about the basic principles that these men represent. I want to cite four principles which are fundamental to the essence of Enlightenment as Nietzsche understood it. First, the Enlightenment held that human beings are rational creatures who exist independently of any metaphysical force, such as God. Ernst Cassirer argues that in the eighteenth century, power could be understood in terms of a single word: reason. Reason represented the central, unifying point for eighteenth century European thought; it was all that the Enlightenment longed for and all that it achieved.4 This is certainly not far from the truth. Reason was certainly one of the most important characteristics of the eighteenth century Enlightenment. And the concept of rational autonomy that is implied by this belief in universal reason was equally crucial: it profoundly influenced the shape of Enlightened science and politics, and it was the subject of a sustained critique by Nietzsche. It will thus be with us throughout the present work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This belief in the rational autonomy of human beings implies a definite kind of politics, and this is the second aspect of Enlightenment thought I wish to consider. If humans are sovereign, independent subjects who are meant to use their reason, then they must naturally be opposed to those who would keep them locked in the dark world of tradition and superstition, notably the aristocrats and priests. Indeed, an Enlightened politics would be opposed to any force or idea that might in any way restrict the radical freedom implied by rational autonomy. As Peter Gay notes, the Enlightenment can be understood as a program of secularism, humanity and above all freedom in its many forms; it is humanity's claim to be recognized as adult, responsible beings.5 This claim manifests itself in various ways: it develops into Rousseau's radical attempt to form a human community in which all individuals cede their rights to the whole, yet retain their freedom. It can also be seen in Mill's liberal utilitarianism, which attempts to reconcile a Benthamite priority on pleasure maximization with a vindication of the importance of liberty. And it can be seen in Spencer's attempt to find a scientific justification for liberalism even as that liberalism was attacked on all sides by the forces of social unrest. What unites all these Enlightened positions is a belief that humans fundamentally are or should be free in a political sense; that is, that they should enjoy individual liberty unfettered by the oppression of an unjust state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Human rationality also implies for Enlightened thinkers an attempt to gain knowledge and understanding of the natural world. As Norman Hampson writes, "human reason, operating by means of careful observation and checking its conclusions by further observation or experiment, could for the first time in the history of man reveal the mechanism of the natural world in which he had lived for so long like a fearful and wondering child."6 In many ways, the extreme rationalism of Descartes, its traditional alternative, empiricism, and the debate between them constitute the part of the Enlightenment which had the greatest influence in the nineteenth century. Darwin owed much of his faith in science and scientific progress to his Enlightened forebears, and Spencer's Enlightened politics acquired their distinctive character only when he added to them a very Enlightened kind of science.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, the Enlightened thinkers were generally confident in their belief that they could use rational principles to solve problems of social interaction, just as they used rationality to understand and control the natural world. This belief lead to the Enlightened faith in social progress and a corresponding optimism that the ideals of the Enlightenment would eventually culminate in a utopian society. Hampson refers to this as an "unprecedented optimism concerning the nature of man and his ability to shape his material and social environment to his own convenience."7 As we shall see, Nietzsche opposed this Enlightened faith in progress as naive; however, it was here that he had the most trouble eluding the influence of Enlightenment. It was the Enlightenment's utopianism that remained with Nietzsche even through his most radical critiques.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My first chapter is a brief sketch of Nietzsche's Enlightenment, by which I mean the Enlightenment that he encountered, criticized and ultimately reproduced. It may seem strange to find that Nietzsche is largely absent from the pages of this sketch, but that is intentional. The goal of this chapter is to set the stage for Nietzsche's critique through a discussion of the six Enlightened thinkers mentioned above. I discuss Descartes as the author who instituted both the Enlightenment's faith in reason and the rational, autonomous individual subject who is at the heart of Enlightenment discourse. I then turn to Rousseau as a representative of the political Enlightenment, using his concepts of the general will and the social contract to articulate a tension in his work between the needs of the community and those of the autonomous individual. Turning to Kant, I discuss the attempt to construct an Enlightened morality based entirely on rationality, which nonetheless ironically reconstructs the Christian morality it claims to supersede. I then turn to the Enlightenment of the nineteenth century, discussing Mill as a political thinker confronted, much as Rousseau was, with a tension between individual and society, a tension which Mill resolved in favor of the individual. I discuss nineteenth century Enlightened science, describing Darwin as a thinker who translated the Enlightened faith in reason and progress into a workable scientific paradigm. I conclude this chapter with an examination of the work of Spencer, whose attempt to incorporate reason and progress, science and individuality into a single, unified theory in many ways represents the culmination of nineteenth century Enlightenment thought.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The following three chapters form my account of Nietzsche's critique of this Enlightenment tradition. Chapter Two deals with his attack on the origins of Enlightenment. Here I discuss Nietzsche's critique of Cartesian rationality, which he held to be a representation of human existence that was both misleading and dangerous. I then examine those parts of Nietzsche's corpus which he labeled Nietzsche contra Rousseau; here I attempt to explain Nietzsche's hostility to Rousseau's politics. As I hope to make clear both here in this chapter and the one that follows it, I feel that this hostility derives from Nietzsche's conviction that the autonomous subject of Enlightened political discourse is hopelessly inadequate. The third critique I explore in Chapter Two is Nietzsche's critique of Kant; Nietzsche felt that Kant's rational version of Christian morality was an abomination that only prolonged the kind of Christian malaise that Nietzsche felt was impeding true human progress.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter Three takes us into the world of nineteenth century politics. Here I examine Nietzsche's vitriolic attacks on the political systems of his time, in which I include liberalism, socialism, nationalism and anarchism. I then place these critiques within the broader context of a more fundamental attack that Nietzsche made on the very concept of the Enlightened subject. These critiques constitute, in my view, a refutation of the dominant conception of the individual subject available to a nineteenth century European intellectual. I conclude this chapter with an examination of Nietzsche's critique of Mill, which I take to be a case study of Nietzsche's rejection of nineteenth century political forms. The importance to nineteenth century political thought of liberalism in general and Mill in particular make a consideration of this theorist to whom Nietzsche referred as a "blockhead" imperative.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Chapter Four I turn to the question of science. Here I examine Nietzsche's attack on nineteenth century rationality and the scientific method. For Nietzsche the unquestioning faith in the ability of rational science to address and solve the problems of the world was unsustainable. It represented, furthermore, an illusory solution that concealed what Nietzsche felt were the real paths to progress: self-overcoming and the overman. Here the two targets of Nietzsche's wrath are Darwin and Spencer. Nietzsche's objection to Darwin was that he promoted through his theory of evolution a false idea of progress based on the rationality and science that Nietzsche rejected. Nietzsche's problems with Spencer ran deeper, for Spencer adopted the kind of Darwinian science that Nietzsche has already denounced, but he added to it a politics of liberal individualism that was quite at odds with Nietzsche's concept of human existence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche gives us, then, a detailed and sustained critique of the Enlightenment on several levels. He attacked both the early Enlightenment of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and the later Enlightenment of his own nineteenth century. He attacked the Enlightened ideal of rationality and the rational, autonomous subject; he went on to critique the politics of that subject. He added to this critique an attack on scientific rationalism and the cult of progress.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What Nietzsche did not do, however, was escape Enlightenment. Though he was constantly critical of the Enlightenment's tendency to privilege rationality above all else, Nietzsche frequently expressed a grudging and sometimes enthusiastic appreciation for the possibilities of a less exclusive kind of rationality. His relentless assault on conventional ideas of Enlightened subjectivity did not prevent him from developing a radically new concept of individual selfhood, which he named overman. His attack on the world view of Enlightened scientists did not preclude his use of scientific rigor in his own work. And on the issue of progress, Nietzsche's critique was especially limited. Nietzsche had his own concept of progress, and it was a very Enlightened kind of idea. The goal of his philosophy, especially in Zarathustra, was to improve and perfect humanity. This attempt to create a utopia or ideal society was, of course, a very Enlightened project. The irony of Nietzsche's relationship with the Enlightenment, then, is that despite his virulent and profound critique of its rationality, its politics and its science, he retained its faith in progress and its desire to construct a better world. Chapter Five discusses the dimensions of Nietzsche's utopian project and makes clear the extent to which he retained Enlightened ideas on this issue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is a work of intellectual history, by which I mean that I intend to explore Nietzsche's thought within a historical context. In this case, the context that concerns me is that of the major intellectual ethos that Nietzsche wrote within and against: the Enlightenment. I feel that Nietzsche's work cannot fully be understood without reference to an intellectual ethos that prompted him to expend such intellectual energy attempting to refute it, and that in the end trapped him within its discourse. Yet this is a book about Nietzsche, and so the Enlightenment must remain simply a context, while the texts upon which I rely are, for the most part, Nietzsche's. This is not a book about the Enlightenment; rather it is a book about a brilliant thinker's struggles with Enlightenment. It is my hope that an account of this struggle may prove instructive or helpful for the rest of us as we try to work out for ourselves whether it is possible or desirable to overcome Enlightenment, and if so how we should go about it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter One: Nietzsche's Enlightenment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche saw the Enlightenment as broad and bold, powerful and terrifying. He believed that it spanned several centuries and that it encompassed most of Western Europe. It was, for him, an arrogant intellectual ethos that made troubling universal assertions about the nature of human existence and society. The Enlightenment that Nietzsche found insisted that humans were rational, autonomous subjects, that they deserved and could attain political freedom. It also asserted that humans could and should seek knowledge of the natural world and that they must use that knowledge along with their own rationality to perfect their societies. Nietzsche attacked the Enlightenment on each of these points, though he ironically retained profound sympathies for many aspects of Enlightened thought. Neither his critiques nor the limitations of those critiques can be understood fully, however, without a brief consideration of the tradition that Nietzsche confronted. Here, then, is Nietzsche's Enlightenment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Descartes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The priority of reason in the Enlightenment is one of its most essential features; this priority provides the basis for many of its other characteristics. It seems only sensible, then, to begin our exploration of the Enlightenment with the man who defined the Enlightenment as rational: Ren? Descartes. Descartes's faith in reason is present throughout his works; it is apparent explicitly but also (and perhaps more significantly) at the deeper level of method. Descartes's method is one of the enduring contributions he made to the intellectual tradition that is the Enlightenment. This contribution is most clear, perhaps, in his Discourse on Method. Here he develops rules of intellectual procedure: "the first [is] never to accept anything as true that I [do] not know to be evidently so: that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to include in my judgments nothing more than what presented itself so clearly and distinctly to my mind that I might have no occasion to place it in doubt."1 This emphasis on "clear and distinct" perceptions pervades Descartes's work; it represents an attempt to exclude from consideration any sensory data, concept or idea that might be illusory, uncertain or irrational. Descartes also vows "to conduct [his] thoughts in an orderly way, beginning with the simplest objects and the easiest to know, in order to climb gradually, as by degrees.ʮʮ"2 Here he is stating his intent to reorder the very way in which his mind works, if necessary, to enable him to pursue things rationally. The trick , of course, is that Descartes didn't really believe that much reordering would in fact be necessary, since he felt that rationality is how a human mind works anyway. What the Discourse represents more than anything else is a manifesto for rationality, a radical claim concerning the universal applicability of reason and a statement that reason will from now on be the primary criterion of knowledge. Thus Descartes writes: "what satisfied me the most about this method was that, through it, I was assured of using my reason in everything, if not perfectly, at least to the best of my ability."3 The Discourse announced to intellectual Europe that reason had arrived.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reason in Descartes is granted a priority over other possible sources of knowledge, such as sensory data. As Louis Loeb argues, "the priority of reason [in Descartes] is grounded in the superiority of reason as a source of true belief, in the greater truth-conduciveness of reason: whereas reason is infallible, sense-perception is fallible."4 Descartes believed that we simply have no choice of whether or not to accept reason as our primary source of knowledge. Loeb writes: "the priority of reason over sense-perception ultimately rests on the greater irresistibility of reason."5 Reason and only reason, Descartes claims, can lead to absolute certainty. This insistence on the priority of reason had clear and important implications for late seventeenth century intellectual life. As John Cottingham notes, "Philosophy, including physical science, became in Descartes a self-contained discipline, guided by the light of reason; it has no need to be supplemented by revelation, scripture, or ecclesiastical teaching."6 Here we see the profundity of Descartes's project: he was creating reason as a substitute for revealed religion. He was establishing a new first principle, something in which he hoped new thinkers could believe as strongly as older thinkers had believed in the power of revelation. We must not underestimate the importance of this move: as Peter Schouls writes, "reason is autonomous [in Descartes] in the sense that its own trustworthiness, no less than the trustworthiness of the results obtained through its use, is not established through the introduction of elements which, themselves, are not 'rational;' that, for example, it is not elements furnished by faith which allow one to trust reason."7 Reason in Descartes's thought is entirely independent and autonomous; it is the foundation upon which the structure of Enlightenment is to be built.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One is tempted to ask at this point: why reason? What is it about rationality that Descartes believed made it a suitable candidate for the lofty position of first principle? That Descartes had an extremely strong faith in his method and in reason in general is clear; as Evert van Leeuwen notes, the Discourse "has a rhetorical function: it must persuade everybody that the Cartesian method is the only one in which the mind can be perfected."8 Yet what explains the particular character of the Cartesian method? What made him choose reason?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The answer has to do, I think, with the second great pillar of Cartesian thought: science. Reason is essential to Descartes not simply as an end to itself, but as that which permits science. As Gary Hatfield notes, the mature Descartes envisioned "a comprehensive, unified physics of the entire universe, in which all explanations of natural phenomena are reduced to a few principles governing matter in motion."9 What is important to realize here is that Descartes began his intellectual career as a scientist and only later turned to philosophy as a source of metaphysical justification for his scientific pursuits. Science was and continued to be of primary importance for him; indeed it often seems to have been more important to him than were his philosophical ideas. As Wayne Cristaudo writes, "the dualism and the epistemology are underlaborers to physics [in Descartes].ʮʮ one has to get on with the business of scientific practice which cannot proceed without the rules and ideas supplied by the mind."10 Rationality, then, derives its importance as a necessary condition for scientific pursuits.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We can go further than this and specify what kinds of scientific pursuits Descartes meant to justify. The intellectual labor of the Discourse is not meant to justify science in any abstract or nebulous way; Descartes intended for it to vindicate a particular kind of knowledge, knowledge that was "useful in life" and promoted "the general welfare of mankind."11 Descartes is seeking in the Discourse the metaphysical underpinnings of a practical philosophy. Margaret Jacob notes that Descartes "sought to convert practical, but educated men of business and trade, among others, to the new mechanical philosophy."12 Descartes represents the beginnings of the primacy of reason in Enlightened thought, but just as importantly, he represents the beginnings of practical science. "The reward Descartes promises for those who follow his scientific method is nothing less than mastery over nature," as Jacob notes.13 It was this reward that would inspire thinkers such as Darwin and Spencer to pursue the Cartesian scientific project into the nineteenth century. The Cartesian advocacy of science--and specifically of practical science dedicated to the project of improving humanity's lot--lies at the very heart of the Enlightenment. As Walter Soffer puts it, Descartes, along with Francis Bacon, "inaugurate[s] the Enlightenment notion of a science-society harmony dedicated to perpetual progress."14 With the trinity of reason, science and progress, Descartes lays the cornerstone of Enlightenment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is one final aspect of Cartesian thought that we must consider as we explore the ways in which Descartes contributed to the foundations of Enlightenment, and that is the Cartesian subject. Descartes's writing is the birthplace of the rational/autonomous individual who becomes the subject of most if not all Enlightenment discourse; as such Descartes's work has profound implications for the political and social thought of the Enlightenment. We can trace the birth of this new kind of subject to the Cartesian cogito of the Meditations on First Philosophy. Descartes writes: "Even though there may be a deceiver of some sort, very powerful and very tricky, who bends all his efforts to keep me perpetually deceived, there can be no slightest doubt that I exist, since he deceives me; and let him deceive me as much as he will, he can never make me be nothing as long as I think that I am something."15 This is the very heart of the Cartesian rational subject: I think, therefore I am. Descartes goes on to emphasize how fundamental thought is to a human being: "thought is an attribute that belongs to me; it alone is inseparable from my nature."16 Thought, and specifically rational thought, is for Descartes what constitutes us as individuals, as we can clearly and distinctly see from these passages. A thinking being is for Descartes "a being which doubts, which understands, which conceives, which affirms, which denies, which wills, which rejects, which imagines also, and which perceives."17 These are the characteristics of rationality and of rational beings as Descartes defines them; they are not only what we do, they are who we are. Descartes begins with a process (rationality) and from it he establishes a new kind of individual, a new kind of self: the rational, autonomous self that will come to be the standard-bearer of Enlightenment. As Walter Soffer notes, "the hallmark of Descartes' self-instruction is rational autonomy. His goal is not to become part of an asymptotic progress towards truth, but rather to establish a definitive, ahistorical, unalterable new beginning--'firm and lasting' foundations."18 And to a large extent he accomplished this. He gave the Enlightenment its beginning by giving it a subject for its discourse, a subject who relies not on God but on reason. Rational autonomy was Descartes's gift to those who followed, and it was a gift they used well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rousseau&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is in the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau that the political implications of the new Cartesian subjectivity begin to become apparent. At first glance, it may seem odd to think that Rousseau advocated an Enlightened politics, since he was in fact quite critical of many other aspects of Enlightened thought. In the "First Discourse," for example, he attacks science, claiming that "astronomy was born from superstition.ʮʮgeometry from avarice; physics from vain curiosity.ʮʮThus the sciences and arts owe their birth to our vices; we would be less doubtful of their advantages if they owed it to our virtues."19 It is clear right away that Rousseau is no Descartes. Gone is the unquestioning faith in reason and science; it has been replaced by an extreme skepticism about the moral qualities and effects of these Enlightenment concepts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What does not receive criticism in Rousseau's work, however, is the autonomous Enlightenment subject. Indeed, the primary goal of his political philosophy is to articulate a politics that will account for this individual and its freedom. The two concepts which define Rousseau's political thought are the social contract and the general will. Taken together, these two concepts form the heart of Rousseau's political philosophy. Although the status of these two ideas is somewhat controversial, I want to argue that they represent two principles of radical freedom, and that they rely upon and develop the concept of the autonomous subject.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The social contract is for Rousseau an historical or pseudo-historical phenomenon, and at first glance its purpose seems to be to create a strong community. He writes: "Now, as men cannot create any new forces, but only combine and direct those that exist, they have no other means of self-preservation than to form by aggregation a sum of forces which may overcome the resistance, to put them in action by a single motive power, and to make them work in concert."20 Here the social contract sounds less like a principle of individual freedom and more like a principle of community harmony, an attempt to ensure social cooperation made necessary by the exigencies of human life in its pre-social form. Of course, whether the social contract ever really developed in the way he describes is largely irrelevant to Rousseau; his point is simply to construct a persuasive model of human society. Tracy Strong suggests that the social contract is an attempt to explain how someone who discusses politics in terms of the first person singular might with equal success use the first person plural, and this interpretation certainly has its merits.21 The social contract can with little difficulty be read as a principle of social unity and harmony.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, if we consider the reasons that Rousseau gives us for the establishment of the contract, we emerge with a very different picture. The motivation for postulating the social contract is outlined in the Second Discourse, in which Rousseau describes the origins of human inequality. He writes: "from the moment one man began to stand in need of another's assistance; from the moment it appeared an advantage for one man to possess enough provisions for two, equality vanished; property was introduced; labor became necessary; and boundless forests became smiling fields, which had to be watered with human sweat, and in which slavery and misery were soon seen to sprout out and grow with the harvests."22 Here we get a very different picture of Rousseau's views on society; society is now described as that which destroys the equality and freedom of the state of nature, replacing it with slavery. "The new society thus became the most horrible state of war: Mankind thus debased and harassed, and no longer able to retrace its steps, or renounce the fatal acquisitions it had made.ʮʮ"23 Here society is not a unifying but an alienating force which oppresses and destroys the individual.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The social contract, then, is meant to remedy this by creating a just society to replace the corrupt, oppressive society that has developed as mankind has moved away from the state of nature. It is still quite possible, of course, to read the contract as a principle of social unity rather than one of individual freedom; Rousseau might simply be criticizing one kind of social structure--the unjust one of the Second Discourse--and trying to replace this with a just social institution. However, if we examine the actual formulation of the social contract principle, it quickly becomes clear that Rousseau intends for freedom to be a fundamental part of this principle. He seems to want "'to find a form of association which may defend and protect with the whole force of the community the person and property of every associate, and by means of which each, coalescing with all, may nevertheless obey only himself, and remain free as before.'"24 Rousseau is seeking a just society, to be sure. He is searching for a valid "we," as Strong suggests. But what makes that "we" valid for him is that it shows a proper respect for the "I:" Rousseau's criterion for the just society is that it must maintain and preserve the freedom that humans enjoyed in the state of nature, before society. "What man loses by the social contract is his natural liberty and an unlimited right to attain anything which tempts him and which he is able to attain; what he gains is civil liberty and property in all that he possesses."25 It is Rousseau's fervent hope and belief that this civil liberty will be sufficient to make up for the real and terrifying loss of natural liberty.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The freedom of the social contract is provided and ensured by the general will. "The unvarying will of all the members of the State is the general will; it is through that that they are citizens and free."26 It seems odd at first that such an "unvarying," almost dictatorial principle could at the same time be a principle of freedom; nonetheless, this is the claim that Rousseau makes. He goes on to claim that the general will is infallible: "the general will is always right and always tends to the public advantage."27 The general will is not the only will that a citizen possesses; rather it is the will that can see beyond particular, private interests and put these aside for the good of the community. Again, one reading of this is that Rousseau means to promote the interests of the community without concern for the status of individuals in the community. After all, why else would he de-emphasize particular interests to such an extent, while insisting that the will of the community should dominate? Yet the situation is more complex than this, as Andrzej Rapaczynski notes: "the replacement of the unjust social order based on inequality with an institution of legitimate political authority is supposed to preserve an individual's freedom while ensuring the content and motivational viability of his moral system."28 Again, freedom seems to be a key part of Rousseau's political system. The form of the general will says that it is meant to preserve social harmony and promote the interests of the community, but its purpose is to preserve freedom. James Miller suggests that the general will represents for Rousseau an attempt to reconcile freedom with the social order.29 In many ways this is the most persuasive reading. Rousseau was no anarchist; he recognized the need for viable social and political institutions. Yet he was unwilling to let this need compromise the freedom of the individual citizen in any way. His commitment to an Enlightened ideal of individual freedom precluded this possibility.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What, then, is the status of Rousseau's politics? What political position finally emerges from this tension between individual and community? Jacob Talmon has argued that Rousseau's position may best be understood as "totalitarian democracy;" that is, as a philosophy in which liberty is realized "only in the pursuit and attainment of an absolute collective purpose."30 On this interpretation individual freedom only serves the interests of the community; liberty is unimportant as an end to itself. However, Judith Shklar suggests that for Rousseau, genuine authority does not in any way limit freedom, and I feel that this is the more plausible interpretation.31 Talmon has got Rousseau's motivational scheme backwards: Rousseau does seek a just social collective, but only so that it may serve the needs of the individual citizen. Maurizio Viroli argues, for example, that for Rousseau, "political liberty is more important than peace and.ʮʮa reasonable degree of civic discord has beneficial effects on the political body."32 Clearly in this example the needs of the community are being subordinated to those of the citizen, or more accurately, the needs of the community are best served when the liberty of the citizen is maintained.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The key to understanding Rousseau's politics is to understand the status of the individual subject in his writings. Rapaczynski writes: "the full development of amour propre results in a world indelibly stamped with a value placed on the subject."33 As I have been arguing, it is precisely this value, which is a fundamentally Enlightened value, that distinguishes Rousseau's political thought, and that renders deeply problematic any interpretation of his politics that does not offer an account of his devotion to the sovereign, individual subject as an ideal. Rapaczynski claims that "like Descartes.ʮʮRousseau makes the self a foundation of all that is human in man."34 I believe that this is an accurate assessment. Rousseau accepts the Enlightened self as his basic unit of political analysis, and his politics, with its insistence on the precedence of individual liberty, grows out of this acceptance. Rousseau thus develops the Cartesian autonomous subject into a political entity; it is with Rousseau's work that the politics of the Enlightenment comes into its own.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kant&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kant borrowed a good deal from Rousseau; indeed, it has been argued that there are considerable similarities between the general will and Kant's categorical imperative. Rapaczynski notes that "Rousseau's account, like Kant's, makes freedom itself the supreme moral value."35 Yet Kant also went beyond Rousseau in many ways, and his moral project was a more complex, more ambitious one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What Kant offered with his morality was nothing less than an attempt to appropriate Christian ethics into the Enlightenment through reason. This radical secularization of Christian morality is the very epitome of an Enlightened moral project. It seeks to justify Christian ethical behavior without reference to any metaphysical force or being such as God. Instead, Kant hoped to base his morality on nothing but the light of Descartes's reason. For example, Kant uses reason to justify belief in the immortal soul; he writes in the second Critique: "infinite progress is possible.ʮʮonly under the presupposition of an infinitely enduring existence and personality of the same rational being; this is called immortality of the soul. Thus the highest good is practically possible only on the supposition of the immortality of the soul."36 He goes on to justify belief in God, again on the sole basis of reason: we must "affirm the possibility of the second element of the highest good, i.e., happiness proportional to that morality.ʮʮby a purely impartial reason.ʮʮ[reason] must postulate the existence of God as necessarily belonging to the possibility of the highest good."37 The influence of Christian thought on Kant is clear here; he takes reason as his starting point, but he ends with something that is recognizably Christian. As Wayne Cristaudo writes, "in discussing Kant's moral foundations it is important not to underestimate the pervasive presence that the Christian existential vision of the human condition plays in his thinking. This vision is most conspicuous in his idea that the highest good leads us to postulate the existence of the two pillars of Christianity--a highest being who dispenses justice on the basis of merit and the immortality of the soul."38 Indeed, the categorical imperative itself, the fundamental ethical principle on which most of Kant's ethics is based, is little more than a philosophically rigorous statement of a Christian principle. "So act that the maxim of your will could always hold at the same time as a principle of universal law giving"39 is not really that different from "do unto others as you would have them do unto you." Kant derives, in short, all the major precepts and prerequisites of Christian ethics, but he derives them from reason alone. He thus translates Christian morality into the world of the Enlightenment, stripping away its superstition and mysticism and replacing these with a rational justification for faith that will serve Christianity well in the eighteenth and nineteenth century.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are other aspects of Christian doctrine in Kant's ethics. As Gordon Michalson notes, Kant's theory of radical evil "looks suspiciously like the Christian doctrine of original sin, just the sort of thing the thinkers of the Enlightenment normally prided themselves on eliminating from the roster of traditional ideas worthy of serious consideration."40 Yet what Michalson misses is the point that this move is quite deliberate on Kant's part: he wants to retain Christianity rather than dismissing it, but he realizes that his one chance to retain it is to turn it into something based on Enlightened rationality. Thus for Michalson "what is interesting is the way an explicitly Christian frame of reference keeps coming into view and takes considerable control at the decisive moments in Kant's account of moral regeneration."41 While this may be interesting, it is hardly surprising, for this is exactly Kant's project: to formulate a rational morality that is at the same time Christian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The twin pillars on which Kant based his morality are rationality and freedom, and as we have already noted, both are key terms of the Enlightenment. Kant believed that moral law derives directly from human reason; he writes in the Groundwork:: "the pure thought of duty and of the moral law generally.ʮʮhas by way of reason alone.ʮʮan influence on the human heart so much more powerful than all other incentives."42 Here we see the rationalism of Descartes returning, this time in morality. Kant's rational morality provides laws that are, he thinks, universal and valid for all rational beings.43 "A rational being belongs to the kingdom of ends as a member when he legislates in it universal laws while also being himself subject to these laws."44 This passage might almost have been written by Rousseau; it constitutes a claim that the duty of all rational beings is to use their reason to produce just universal moral laws. Reason and reason alone determines the shape and substance of these laws: "reason determines the will in a practical law directly, not through an intervening feeling of pleasure or displeasure, even if this pleasure is taken in the law itself."45&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The form that rational morality takes is that of freedom. "An absolutely good will, whose principle must be a categorical imperative, will therefore be indeterminate as regards all objects and will contain merely the form of willing; and indeed that form is autonomy."46 The categorical imperative is the only moral law that reason imposes on us; it therefore grants us autonomy and free will. "What else can freedom of the will be but autonomy, i.e., the property that the will has of being a law to itself?"47 This principle is crucial for Kant; his morality cannot function without it. For him, rationality and freedom are so closely related that they are practically synonymous: "the moral law expresses nothing else than the autonomy of pure practical reason, i.e., freedom."48 Freedom has for Kant an ethical significance almost as great as that of rationality. As Henry Allison notes, "Kant regards autonomy as the principle of morality not only in the sense of being a necessary condition of its possibility but also in the sense of being one of the formulas of the categorical imperative and, therefore, as itself a first-order ethical principle."49 The categorical imperative by its very nature implies and requires freedom as well as rationality; if Kant cannot assume free moral agents, then a discussion of how they may will their maxims as universal becomes meaningless. Thus Kant's ethics, though Christian in its form, rests on a very Enlightened foundation, which Kant constructs out of reason and autonomy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richard Velkley suggests that "Kant arrives at his understanding of reason through an effort to resolve a crisis in the modern period concerning the end, status, and meaning of reason."50 This may well be the case; like Rousseau, Kant presents himself as someone who is already grappling with the difficulties inherent in Enlightenment rationalism, difficulties that will explode with Nietzsche. Yet it seems clear that like Rousseau, Kant is willing to abandon neither reason nor Enlightenment. Indeed, his faith in Enlightenment is so strong that when he attempts to hold onto those pre-Enlightenment concepts, such as Christian ethics, that he feels must be preserved, he does so by translating their terms into those of the Enlightenment. As Anthony Cascardi notes, "according to conventional interpretations and, more importantly, on the authority of principles explicitly stated in Kant's second Critique, the obligations we construe as ethical may be regarded as the manifestations of a law which in turn reflects the rationality, freedom and autonomy of the subject-self."51 These are, of course, the primary ingredients of Enlightenment that we have discussed so far. Kant's project, then, is profoundly Enlightened; it is the attempt to articulate the possibilities of an essentially Christian morality within an Enlightenment context. Velkley suggests that "Kant thus does not reject the emancipatory end of modern philosophy or Enlightenment but reformulates it."52 It may seem odd that the way in which he chose to do this was by attempting to resurrect Christian dogma and smuggle it in through the back door of Enlightenment, but the fact that Kant used Enlightenment's tools to restructure Christianity makes clear his commitment to the project of Enlightenment. That he retained the Enlightenment's allegiance to freedom and emancipation is equally obvious. His insistence on the primacy of human autonomy as he formulates his categorical imperative makes this difficult to dispute.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;***&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We come now to Nietzsche's own century, the nineteenth. It is perhaps controversial even to speak of a "nineteenth century Enlightenment;" certainly one could argue that the Enlightenment makes sense as an historical phenomenon only if its temporal limits are drawn much earlier, perhaps with the French Revolution. I do not want to proceed this way, however, for two reasons. First, I feel that the pervasive influence of Enlightenment thought in nineteenth century politics and science makes it highly problematic to draw a temporally narrow definition of this movement; we could, perhaps, refer to a "neo-Enlightenment" or an "Enlightenment influence" in the nineteenth century, but I feel that this would be facetious. What we are talking about is fundamentally a continuation of the intellectual movement discussed above. Second and more importantly, Nietzsche engaged with the Enlightenment during his own century as a very real and, for him, troubling phenomenon; he made few distinctions between Rousseau and Mill or Descartes and Darwin, but attacked them all under the same banner of "Enlightenment." The Enlightenment was for Nietzsche a unified whole that went back several hundred years; to him it represented the greatest sickness of modern man.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A second possible objection would be to my choice of figures. Why have I chosen three thinkers from Victorian England? Why have I not dealt with some of Nietzsche's contemporaries in, say, France and Germany? The answer is that I believe that Victorian England represented for Nietzsche and for many other nineteenth century thinkers the epitome of the Enlightened society: complacent, smug and self-assured, nineteenth century England institutionalized all of the characteristics of Enlightenment outlined above. Rationality, science and an unshakable faith in human progress found their material manifestation in the Crystal Palace exhibition, while the autonomous subject-self of the Enlightenment became enshrined in the discourse of political liberalism. It is just this kind of society, as we shall see below, that Nietzsche reviled as deadly to true human progress, but before we turn to Nietzsche's critique, a closer look at the objects of his wrath will be helpful.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mill&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The political thought of Mill may be loosely characterized in terms very similar to those I used above to discuss Rousseau. Like Rousseau, Mill was confronted by a conflict between two desirable goals: the good of the community and the good of the individual. The terms of Mill's struggle were utilitarianism and liberty; it was the struggle between these two key concepts that largely defined him as a political thinker. I would like to note at the outset that both of these principles came to Mill via the Enlightenment; that is to say, they are both Enlightened ideas in their own way. Utilitarianism, as practiced by Jeremy Bentham, saw itself as a science of humanity, dedicated towards the betterment of the race; in short, it was a principle of social progress. Liberty, on the other hand, was formulated by Mill as a principle of freedom designed to do justice to the needs of the autonomous Enlightenment subject. Mill, an exceedingly Enlightened nineteenth century political thinker, attempted to reconcile these two seemingly contradictory positions; this attempt constitutes the bulk of his political writing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mill's essay "Utilitarianism" provides an eloquent interpretation and defense of the principles of utility. Here Mill argues for the prevalence of utilitarianism, in order to suggest that it is a strong theory: "the greatest-happiness principle.ʮʮhas had a large share in forming the moral doctrines even of those who most scornfully reject its authority."53 Mill goes on to argue that the utilitarian doctrine represents nothing less than the best chance for social progress: "no one whose opinion deserves a moment's consideration can doubt that most of the great positive evils of the world are in themselves removable, and will, if human affairs continue to improve, be in the end reduced within narrow limits."54 Indeed, even the utility philosophy itself is subject to constant progress: "the corollaries from the principle of utility, like the precepts of every practical art, admit of indefinite improvement, and, in a progressive state of human mind, their improvement is perpetually going on."55 Clearly, Mill believed that utilitarian philosophy had much to offer his society. Louis Zimmer claims that "in addition to the subject of individuality and these related issues, the essay On Liberty provides ample proof that Mill followed Bentham on the subject of truth and of its vital significance in the everyday lives of human beings."56 It is fairly easy to see how one might adopt this interpretation, given the evidence from Mill's writings and what we know about the personal influence that utilitarian thought had on Mill's development as an adolescent and as a young man. Clearly there was much of the utilitarian in Mill.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I want to take issue with the interpretation that Mill was a straightforward Benthamite utilitarian, however. Instead I want to argue, along with Wendy Donner, that "Mill's enlarged concept of utility overcomes the limitations of Bentham's theory without sacrificing its strengths."57 This interpretation reads Mill's philosophy as a modified utilitarianism, and one that is modified in a very specific, deliberate way, to account for liberty. As John Gray argues, "Mill's departures from the classical utilitarian view of human nature, which he criticizes so sharply in his Bentham and Coleridge, support the doctrine of liberty.ʮʮMill's conception of happiness is avowedly individualistic and pluralist."58 It was the inability of classical utilitarian theory to account for the spiritual, creative and artistic sides of human life (in short, for those parts that, as Mill saw it, made individuals important as individuals) that led to the emotional and intellectual crisis during which Mill began to question utilitarianism. As Gertrude Himmelfarb writes, "Mill decided that attention should be directed to the 'internal culture of the individual,' the cultivation of feeling, the development of the poetic and artistic sensibilities."59 He was unable to return to the utilitarian fold until he had substantially altered the greatest-happiness principle to include this "internal culture."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The importance of this divergence from conventional utilitarian theory may not be readily apparent, but in fact it represents a dramatic change. Although Mill still held maximum happiness to be the greatest good, the way in which that happiness was to be pursued, and indeed the very definition of happiness, had now been changed. Mill was unwilling to allow the legislation of happiness by anyone other than the individual whose happiness was being legislated. The justification for this major modification to utilitarian theory is simple: Mill believed that in liberty he had discovered a principle of equal importance to utility. Donner writes: "freedom is.ʮʮlinked to the flourishing of individuality. On Liberty is an impassioned plea for the liberty that will promote the individuality required for self-development and for the appreciation of more valuable pleasures and pursuits."60 Even in "Utilitarianism," which is his most impassioned defense of utility, Mill argues that true utility cannot interfere with liberty. "To have a right, then, is, I conceive, to have something which society ought to defend me in the possession of. If the objector goes on to ask why it ought, I can give him no other reason than general utility."61 Clearly, Mill is determined not to let a devotion to utility undermine his belief in liberty.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mill's essay on Bentham is perhaps the best example of his modified utilitarian position. Here Mill praises Bentham for his attempt to explore social issues in a scientific way (which is again indicative of Mill's place in the nineteenth century Enlightenment).62 But he also holds Bentham responsible for failing to account for human nature and for failing to recognize the possibilities of human spiritual perfection.63 It is this tension that made Mill's political thought what it was: without either the faith in social progress that he derived from utilitarian thought or the belief in the importance of human freedom that made him question that philosophy, Mill's thought would have been incomplete.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The question of the status of Mill's politics remains. Much as in our discussion of Rousseau, we see that there are two possible interpretations of Mill's political position, which we may loosely describe as egalitarian and elitist. This now begins to emerge as a tension in Enlightened politics in general: the Enlightenment's desire for social progress encounters an equally Enlightened desire for a politics that will do justice to the needs of the rational/autonomous self, and the result is inevitably conflict. Donner provides an interpretation of Mill that emphasizes his egalitarian, socially oriented tendencies: "Mill intends to exclude as harmful not only active interference with liberty but also the failure of society to provide people with reasonable social conditions and resources to allow them to attain and exercise their liberty of self-development."64 However, Alan Kahan claims that the individual was the highest value for Mill, and places him alongside Burckhardt and Tocqueville, as an "aristocratic liberal" who valued the individual more than society.65 It is hardly surprising that there should be an interpretive debate of this kind, since as we have seen, the tension between individual needs (liberty) and social needs (utilitarianism) is very real in Mill's thought.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is, however, a way out of this dilemma, and it is to be found in Mill's On Liberty. In this, his most famous work, he argues that the promotion of liberty is crucial in that it serves egalitarian ends through the promotion of the ideal society. Liberty is presented here as a social good. To be sure, there are passages in On Liberty that are quite elitist: "No government by a democracy or a numerous aristocracy, either in its political acts or in the opinions, qualities, and tone of mind which it fosters, ever did or could rise above mediocrity except in so far as the sovereign many have let themselves be guided by the counsels and influence of a more highly gifted and instructed one or few."66 But Mill's justification for this elitist position is that it creates the circumstances in which, ironically, an ideal society will be possible. For example, Mill argues for "the necessity to the mental well-being of mankind (on which all other well-being depends) of freedom of opinion, and freedom of the expression of opinion."67 Freedom of expression is most beneficial, certainly, to the geniuses whom Mill lauds. But that doesn't change the importance of this freedom for him, since these geniuses are the ones who create the ideal society. "Who can compute what the world loses in the multitude of promising intellects combined with timid characters, who dare not follow any bold, vigorous, independent train of thought, lest it should land them in something which would admit of being irreligious or immoral?"68 The individual for Mill is a social good. Mill is thus able to reconcile two key principles of Enlightened political thought: the belief in the necessity or desirability of social progress, and the belief in the need for political forms suitable to the autonomous individual subject of Enlightenment discourse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Darwin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps no single word better captures the essence of nineteenth century Enlightened science than "Darwin." Darwin represents the embodiment of Enlightened principles in the pursuit of scientific knowledge. His synthesis of the fundamental ideas of the Enlightenment provided a unified explanation of a large part of the natural world and earned him his place as the most influential scientist of his century. Darwin was not the first nineteenth century scientist to propose evolution as an explanation for the development of humans and other organisms--Robert Chambers, for example, argued for a similar theory in his anonymously published book Vestiges of the natural history of Creation, though his work was roundly denounced by the scientific community. What distinguished Darwin was his careful attempt to place himself soundly in the context of acceptable scientific practice, and his use of rational, scientific explanations to describe a world in which natural and social progress would be the inevitable outcome of history.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Darwin's most famous work, The Origin of Species, shows a sustained faith in the validity of the scientific method and makes an appeal to the scientific context of his time. He demonstrates a faith in the opinions of scientists: "in determining whether a form should be ranked as a species or a variety, the opinion of naturalists having sound judgment and wide experience seems the only guide to follow."69 He is careful to make clear that what he is discussing is a principle of natural law: "I mean by Nature, only the aggregate action and product of many natural laws, and by laws the sequence of events as ascertained by us."70 He is also quite proud of the fact that he has "collected so large a body of facts, and made so many experiments;" i.e. that he has, in his view, conducted his work in accordance with valid scientific principles.71 It is quite clear that Darwin is almost desperately eager to be accepted as a scientist; he even ends his book with an appeal to Newton's law of gravity. But Darwin was not simply a scientist in the general sense of someone who seeks knowledge about the natural world through theory and experiment. He was also a scientist in a particularly nineteenth century context. He appeals, for example, to the well-known work of Charles Lyell: "New species have appeared very slowly, one after another, both on land and in the waters. Lyell has shown that it is hardly possible to resist the evidence on this head in the case of the several tertiary stages.ʮʮ"72 Here Darwin is placing himself in the nineteenth century debate between "catastrophists" and "uniformitarians;" that is, between those who would explain developments in the natural world with reference to sudden, dramatic change, and those who preferred an explanation based on slow, gradual change in accordance with regular laws. Darwin's evolutionary theory places him clearly in Lyell's camp as a uniformitarian, and gives his work a certain prestige. As Robert Young writes, "there were very powerful constraints on the kinds of theories for explaining the origin of the species which the scientific community would be likely to entertain at all seriously."73 It was his willingness to appeal to known and respected theorists that helped to ensure that Darwin would not languish in obscurity as Chambers did.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Michael Ruse argues convincingly that Darwin deliberately placed himself in the prevailing scientific context of his time, which was largely defined by the works of Herschel and Whewell. Ruse notes that "Herschel made clear that what distinguishes scientific axiom systems from other such systems is that the former, unlike the latter, contain laws; these are universal, empirical statements.ʮʮ"74 It is important to note here the difference between this approach and that of the other Enlightened scientist I have discussed, Descartes. Descartes, it will be recalled, based his scientific method on strict rationality, rather than on empirical observation. How, then, does Darwin qualify as an Enlightened scientist in the sense that Descartes was one?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here we must recall the purpose behind Descartes's privileging of rationality. His intent was not to privilege rationality simply for its own sake, but rather to use rationality to provide a justification for the nascent pursuit of scientific knowledge. Once the Cartesian method had been established as a metaphysical basis for the pursuit of science, Descartes would have no problem with someone using this method to acquire empirical knowledge. And indeed, the dominant nineteenth century scientific paradigm into which Darwin placed himself was one that was eminently rational in the Cartesian sense: "Were one to single out from the Herschel-Whewell philosophy the two features most likely to be manifested in any scientific theory consciously influenced by that philosophy, they would probably be: first, the hypothetico-deductive model, and secondly the use of one central mechanism or cause to explain phenomena in widely different areas. Both of these features are manifested, to a significant extent, in Darwin's theory in the Origin.ʮʮ"75 The hypothetico-deductive model is one in which theories are developed and compared with evidence, then revised and again compared until they closely match the available data. It is a highly structured, rigorous and rational method. Darwin, in short, made explicit use of the dominant scientific approach of his time, and that approach was a rational, Enlightened one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the most important implications of Darwin's theory, and one of the most Enlightened, is progress. Evolution implies that species are moving closer and closer to perfection all the time. As Robert Young notes, "in the Origin of the Species, Darwin mixed his belief in various manifestations of progress with scientific prophecy."76 Darwin offers predictions of progress in the natural world, but perhaps more significantly, he also offers both predictions and prescriptions for social progress, most notably in The Descent of Man. Here, for example, Darwin argues against the evils of primogeniture, stating that "primogeniture with entailed estates is a more direct evil, though it formerly may have been a great advantage.ʮʮmost eldest sons, thought they may be weak in body or mind, marry, whilst the youngest sons, however superior in these respects, do not so generally marry."77 Here Darwin is starting to broaden his theory into the realm of social reform, suggesting that there are certain institutions and social practices that do not promote the best ends for humanity. There are also passages in his work that can be read as justifications for imperialism: "as foreigners have thus in every country beaten some of the natives, we may safely conclude that the natives might have been modified with advantage, so as to have better resisted the intruders."78 Science here can very easily become ideology, and Darwin seems unwilling or unable to distinguish his scientific pronouncements from normative and political ones.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some of Darwin's most interesting, and to twentieth century minds unsustainable, assertions are to be found in his discussion of the role of women. Darwin believes that "man is more courageous, pugnacious and energetic than woman, and has a more inventive genius."79 This is, he feels, due to the different roles played by men and women in the struggle for survival; as he puts it, "with respect to the differences of this nature between man and woman, it is probable that sexual selection has played a highly important part."80 Since women play the role of nurturers, they have greater tenderness and less selfishness than men; men, as hunters and warriors, delight in competition; it is for this reason, Darwin believes, that men attain higher positions as poets, scientists, scholars, etc. Here Darwin's theory of sexual selection, which is a corollary to his theory of natural selection, serves as the basis for a prescriptive attempt to legislate certain social roles for women. Darwin uses science as the basis for a gender politics that is to our minds questionable at best, but what is important for the purposes of the present work is that here Enlightened science begins to take on a political demeanor. It is in the work of Herbert Spencer that this synthesis is completed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spencer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is perhaps appropriate that this chapter on Enlightened thought should end with a discussion of the work of Herbert Spencer, for Spencer represents in many ways the culmination if not the reducto ad absurdum of many of the Enlightened concepts I have been discussing. Spencer completes the synthesis of science and social theory begun by Darwin. His work contains a faith in human rationality and science that harkens back to his distant scientific predecessor, Descartes. It features the faith in progress that we have seen is common to most Enlightened thinkers. What's more, Spencer's science is intimately related with an Enlightened politics that has much in common with certain elements in Mill's thought; one of the intellectual projects to which Spencer was most devoted was an attempt to justify an extreme form of political liberty.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let us begin with Spencer's science. It is clear that Spencer insisted on providing scientific explanations for social situations. Since the particular science that he used to explore society was that of Darwinian biology, it is perhaps not surprising that he is often referred to as a "social Darwinist," though this is somewhat misleading; in fact, his philosophy was already fairly well-developed before he began to incorporate Darwinism into his work. Spencer writes: "setting out with social units.ʮʮ the Science of Sociology has to give an account of all the phenomena that result from their combined actions."81 Spencer here is engaged in a practice of Enlightened science that should be quite familiar to us by now: he is seeking concrete, universal laws that will explain all possible occurrences. Towards the end of Volume I of his massive Principles of Sociology, Spencer apologizes that:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;induction has greatly predominated over deduction throughout the foregoing chapters; and readers who have borne in mind that Part II closes with a proposal to interpret social phenomena deductively, may infer either that this intention has been lost sight of or that it has proved impracticable to deal with the facts of domestic life otherwise than by empirical generalization. On gathering together the threads of the argument, however, we shall find that the chief conclusions forced on us by the evidence are those which Evolution implies.82&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gone is the tension between rationalism and empiricism in Darwin. Spencer calmly accepts his rationalist, Cartesian heritage; indeed he wears it as a badge of honor. He will be proud of his theory if it can be shown to be inductively sound, and if he can add empirical justification to it as well, then so much the better. Spencer also exhibits a clear concern for scientific objectivity: "contemplating social structures and actions from the evolution point of view, we may preserve that calmness which is needful for scientific interpretation of them, without losing our powers of feeling moral reprobation or approbation."83 This is a peculiarly Victorian combination of scientific objectivity and moral righteousness, but it serves to illustrate Spencer's belief that the scientific method and approach--at least as he saw it--was indispensable to his sociology.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J. W. Burrow writes that "Spencer's 'Synthetic Philosophy,' of which The Principles of Sociology is a part, was an attempt to apply a formula of evolution whose central idea was the development from simple to complex, purporting to be derived from the fundamental laws of matter and motion, to every kind of phenomenon throughout the universe."84 This might well be a description of the pursuits of Enlightened science in general since Descartes. Spencer represents the apex of the attempt to impose a framework of rationality upon the world of human interaction, to make all human activity explicable and predictable. As Burrow puts it, "it followed from his conception of science and of the purpose of the Synthetic Philosophy that if he could not explain social phenomena ultimately--the qualification is important--in terms of physical causation, he could not explain them satisfactorily at all."85&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One specific aspect of human action that Spencer hoped to be able to describe scientifically was morality. "Morality," as J. D. Y. Peel writes, "as Spencer saw it, was to be made scientific--i.e. the conclusions were to follow as ineluctably and irrefutably from the premises as in a scientific demonstration."86 We see here some of the scope of Spencer's project: it has a descriptive component, certainly, but also an implicit normative component. One gets the impression that Spencer intended to use science as a justification for a particular kind of morality, and that the morality he advocated had a particular political slant to it. Spencer "not only believes human actions are subject to law, but that history as a whole is subject to a law of development,"87 and the choice of this evolutionary law of development was not an innocent one on Spencer's part. It allowed him to advocate and encourage certain particular beliefs about politics and society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the most notable of these beliefs was Spencer's Enlightened belief in progress. As Burrow points out, Spencer's gradualism insists "on progress as a process passing through inevitable stages according to inflexible laws."88 This sounds very much like the kind of progress principle we have seen in the thought of Darwin and other Enlightened thinkers. Progress, for Spencer, was a natural and irresistible process. What's more, it was, in his mind, a desirable process. As James Kennedy notes, "he insisted not only that adaptation to social conditions would increase, but that 'progress' could not cease until 'the highest social life' was reached."89 This is the utopian component of Enlightenment; it takes the form of a sincere belief that social forces will lead inexorably to a perfect future world. As David Wiltshire puts it, "Spencerian social evolution.ʮʮanticipates a future in which continuing trends culminate in perfection."90 Thus evolution for Spencer was not simply an innocent scientific theory; it carried profound implications for society and politics. Indeed, Peel suggests that Spencer was obliged to theorize a particular kind of evolution in order to be able to derive the kind of progress he wanted: "because he wants to demonstrate history's inevitable path to perfection, he needs a guarantee of direction in evolution."91 Even Spencer's much-vaunted scientific theory of evolution, then, was actually in the service of his ideology of social progress.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What, then, was the political agenda to which Spencer's theory of progress contributed? Spencer speaks in the Principles of Sociology of the ways in which society develops through stages, from lower to higher, less complex to more complex. The higher, more complex societies exhibit certain distinctive institutions. Thus, for example, "all civilized nations, characterized by definite, coherent, orderly social arrangements, are also characterized by definite, coherent, orderly domestic arrangements."92 It is no coincidence that the higher society, the "civilized nation" in this model, is almost indistinguishable from Spencer's England. Victorian English society is privileged in Spencer's account as a norm. We may thus reasonably interpret Spencer's work as a justification and vindication of the achieved Enlightenment society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With this justification comes a particular political ideology, which we may characterize as Enlightened liberalism. Kennedy notes that Spencer "believed that through commercial liberty and unlicensed competition, social progress would spontaneously and naturally occur."93 Here once again we see the ideology of progress, but this time the ideology is being used in the service of a politics. This politics is one that is concerned with the liberation of the Enlightened autonomous subject through the refusal to allow the state to interfere with the political and social affairs of that subject. Spencer "never deserted his abstract individualism or his trust in the 'natural' economic laws of classical political economy."94 It may seem strange, at first, that Spencer combined a liberal, individualist politics with an evolutionary theory so concerned with the good of society. As we saw with Mill, however, this was hardly an unusual tension among Victorian political thinkers. And like Mill, Spencer cannot be understood unless we account for the liberal individualism that motivates his political thought. As Wiltshire points out, "Spencer was an individualist liberal first and an evolutionist second; individualism is, both genetically and structurally, the core of his thinking."95 Like Mill, however, Spencer saw no inherent conflict between an ideology of social progress and a fervent belief in individualism. For Spencer, as for Mill, the ideal society (which in Spencer's case was the future utopia that stood at the apex of evolutionary social development) was the one which would pay the most attention to individual political rights; it is significant in this context that Spencer placed the "industrial" society (of which Victorian England is again the prime example) well above the "militant" society in his scheme of development. And the industrial society was the one that did justice, more than any other society that had hitherto existed, to the needs of the individual as Spencer saw them, namely the need for free, autonomous political action independent of tyrannical government authority, and the need for free economic action in an unregulated market economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The historical context in which Spencer lived and wrote does much to explain his insistence on individualism. Spencer stands at the extreme end of the political Enlightenment in one way. After Spencer, "liberalism" began to acquire a distinctly different meaning; it acquired aspects of socialism and began to concern itself not with the autonomous individual of Enlightenment discourse, but with the mass proletarian subject of socialist thought. Spencer saw himself as the last true liberal, defending the pure faith against this socialist contamination. As Wiltshire puts it, "Spencer's lifelong belief was that his 'principled Liberalism' had been betrayed by the Liberal Party."96 Spencer felt that he and a few other "true Liberals"--which we may read as "Enlightenment liberals"--represented the only hope for retaining the original goals of English liberalism. M. W. Taylor refers to this as the claim that Spencer "represented the true principles of liberalism which the Liberal party was in the process of abandoning in its willingness to embrace 'socialism' and State intervention."97 Thus it is perhaps appropriate that we end our survey of Enlightened thought with Spencer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What I have been trying to show is a strand of Enlightened thought that runs through the work of six major thinkers of the Enlightenment, spread out over two centuries. This strand is characterized by the four principles of rationality, freedom, science and progress, and it ties these thinkers together as members of a single unified intellectual tradition which, for lack of a more specific term, I have called the Enlightenment. I do not think that the association of these various thinkers is a spurious one. As Burrow writes, for example,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;nothing shows more vividly the close kinship of the philosophic radicalism of the early nineteenth century with its parent, the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, than some of Spencer's early pronouncements. True, it is now a sobered Enlightenment, harsher and more priggish...but there is still the same sense of a new dawn for humanity...man, freed at last from unreflecting subservience to immemorial customs and institutions, is about to take his future into his own hands and shape it, guided and instructed by science, in the image of rationality and justice.98&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If we read "dawn for humanity" as "progress" and "justice" as "freedom," then Burrow has just listed my four principles, tied them to the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, and placed Spencer at the end of this tradition. It seems reasonable, then, to take these principles as the foundation for a provisional interpretation of the Enlightenment. The full nature of this version of Enlightenment will become more clear as we turn to Nietzsche's critique of it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter Two: Nietzsche's Critique of the Traditional Enlightenment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As I shall show in Chapters Three and Four, Nietzsche's hostility to the Enlightenment reached its apex with his critique of such Enlightened nineteenth century thinkers as Mill, Darwin and Spencer. These figures earned Nietzsche's wrath by practicing Enlightenment in his own century. However, before we may fully understand Nietzsche's attack on the Enlightened thought of his contemporaries, it is imperative that we examine the earlier origins of this critique. Mill, Darwin and Spencer were dangerous, in Nietzsche's mind, because they continued the work begun in prior centuries by Descartes, Rousseau and Kant. Without an attack on these founding fathers of Enlightened thought, Nietzsche's anti-Enlightenment project would necessarily remain incomplete. His critique of the Enlightenment must be understood from the ground up: he began with an attack on the origins of Enlightened thought, broadened this to include the later practitioners of Enlightenment and finally, on the basis of the broader critique, mounted an attack on Enlightenment in general. In a note from the Will to Power, Nietzsche asks "what is noble?" His answer is, among other things: "Disgust for the demagogic, for the 'enlightenment,' for 'being cozy,' for plebeian familiarity."1 The way in which Nietzsche develops this disgust into a critique of the origins of Enlightened thought in Descartes, Rousseau and Kant is the subject of this chapter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are, however, some important limitations to Nietzsche's critique, and it is not too soon to begin to deal with those here. In Chapter One I defined Enlightenment in terms of science, reason, freedom and progress. While it is undeniably true that part of Nietzsche's anti-Enlightenment project involves a critique of the ways in which Descartes, Rousseau and Kant make use of these concepts, Nietzsche retains many of these ideas in his own thought. His vigorous attack on the Enlightened thought of these three figures cannot fully conceal his own affirmative project, which can only be described as a kind of Nietzschean Enlightenment. Indeed, an examination of his positive project will suggest that much of Nietzsche's hostility towards the traditional Enlightenment is done in the name of this transformed and transfigured Enlightenment. Nietzsche's use of Enlightened categories in the service of his affirmative project will receive attention at the end of this chapter and in much more detail in Chapter Five.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Descartes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche's critique of Descartes begins with an attack on Cartesian metaphysics and rationality. Nietzsche writes in the Will to Power: "Logical certainty, transparency, as criterion of truth ('all that is true which is perceived clearly and distinctly'--Descartes): with that, the mechanical hypothesis concerning the world is desired and credible. But this is a crude confusion. . ."2 In this note, Nietzsche attacks both the Cartesian mechanistic world view and its epistemological underpinnings, Cartesian rationality. These are two pillars of Cartesian thought; to call them into question is to undermine Descartes's entire metaphysical project. Nietzsche amplifies his attack on Cartesian rationality in his published writings, for example in Human, All Too Human: "That the world is notʴhe epitome of an eternal rationality can be conclusively proved by the fact that that piece of the world which we know--I mean our own human rationality--is not so very rational."3 Although Nietzsche does not explicitly mention Descartes here, the implications for Cartesian metaphysics are clear: if neither the world nor the humans in it are rational, then the claims of Cartesian metaphysics and epistemology cannot hold.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche is also quite critical of the practical manifestation of the Cartesian project to total rationality, Cartesian science. Nietzsche's attack on the various aspects of Descartes's brand of physics is developed most fully in his Gay Science. It might seem quite ironic, at first, that Nietzsche should mount an attack on one of the primary founders of the modern scientific paradigm in a book whose title, at least, suggests that it will be a defense or apology for science. However, Nietzsche is always extremely careful with his language, and we must be as well. The title of the book in German is Die fr?liche Wissenschaft, where fr?liche connotes gay, happy or merry. It seems likely that an adherent to Cartesian science would have trouble even imagining a science that was happy rather than rational or mechanistic. The gay science, then, is a new science, a particular kind of science aimed directly against the serious, ponderous science of Descartes. As Walter Kaufmann notes, "the title of the book has polemical overtones: it is meant to be anti-German, anti-professorial, anti-academic. . .it is also meant to suggest 'light feet,' 'dancing,' 'laughter'--and ridicule of 'the spirit of gravity.'"4 It is also, I want to suggest, anti-Cartesian, and is therefore opposed to conventional Enlightened science. It is not, however, opposed to science in general, as we shall see shortly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Traditional, Enlightened or Cartesian science is something dangerous for Nietzsche. He writes: "one thought that in science one possessed and loved something unselfish, harmless, self-sufficient, and truly innocent, in which man's evil impulses had no part whatever. . .in sum, owing to three errors."5 Cartesian science claims that it represents some kind of objective truth and that this truth will lead to the kind of progress that the Enlightenment always promises. For Nietzsche, however, science is no objective truth; rather "science also rests on a faith; there simply is no science 'without presuppositions.'"6 Nietzsche is trying to clear the way for a world view that can go beyond the Cartesian metaphysics that has dominated the intellectual world since the seventeenth century. To do this he must undermine the prevalent faith that it is Cartesian science that has the most to offer us as a way of interpreting the world around us. He writes: "a 'scientific' interpretation of the world, as you understand it, might therefore still be one of the most stupid of all possible interpretations of the world, meaning that it would be one of the poorest in meaning."7 Not only does science furnish an inadequate account of the meaning of the world, but it does not even necessarily fulfill its goal of providing useful knowledge about the physical world. "It is a profound and fundamental good fortune that scientific discoveries stand up under examination and furnish the basis, again and again, for further discoveries. After all, this could be otherwise."8 Demonstrating contingency is one of Nietzsche's favorite modes of criticism; he employs it here with great effect against the Cartesian world view, demonstrating that there is no necessary reason to suppose that Cartesian science can provide the truths to which it claims to have access. The attack on Cartesian science is, in many ways, what the gay science is all about; Nietzsche thus speaks in a note of "the joyous [frohlockende] reaction against the rationalism of Descartes and against the skepticism of the English."9 These, then, are the terms in which Nietzsche opposes cold Cartesian rationality and its meaningless mechanistic universe: with a merry, joyful kind of science hitherto unknown in Enlightened discourse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another component of Nietzsche's critique of Descartes is his attack on the Cartesian method itself. This method, essential to the Cartesian project, is the method of universal doubt. Nietzsche writes in a note from the Nachla?: "Starting point. Irony against Descartes: there was at the beginning of things some deceit, out of which we came to think that universal doubt is helpful!"10 In Nietzsche's view, this method, which leads directly to the kind of Cartesian science he abhors, is in fact not helpful at all but dangerous. "We are not on guard against a trap like the will to universal doubt of the Cartesian sort, and it is precisely this Cartesian method that is the worst kind of trick, that thoroughly teases us and keeps us fools."11 Rather than contributing to true knowledge, the Cartesian method of universal doubt is actually an impediment to knowledge; it precludes the joyous science that Nietzsche wants to advocate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche also provides a very stringent critique of Cartesian subjectivity, and this will prove to be fundamental to many of his subsequent critiques. Nietzsche begins with the foundation of subjectivity in Descartes, the Cartesian cogito. He writes in the Nachla?: "We must be more careful than Descartes, who remains trapped in a term: Cogito is after all only a word."12 Here Nietzsche mounts an effective attack of the Cartesian cogito by claiming that it is a simple linguistic trick. Descartes attempted to establish Cartesian subjectivity merely by saying the words "I think therefore I am," but as Nietzsche points out, this simple statement in no way alters reality or creates a subject where there was none before. What Nietzsche is arguing is that Descartes has no right to claim the cogito as an absolute principle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"There is thinking: therefore there is something that thinks": this is the upshot of all Descartes' argumentation. But that means positing as 'true a priori' our belief in the concept of substance--that when there is thought there has to be something 'that thinks' is simply a formulation of our grammatical custom that adds a doer to every deed. In short, this is not merely the substantiation of a fact but a logical-metaphysical postulate--Along the lines followed by Descartes one does not come upon something absolutely certain but only upon the fact of a very strong belief.13&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This "very strong belief," of course, is hardly sufficient to serve as the kind of justification for subjectivity that Descartes needs. By showing that this crucial building block of Cartesian subjectivity is little more than a "grammatical custom," Nietzsche immediately undermines the foundation of the Cartesian subject and renders deeply problematic any claims made on the basis of this subjectivity. As we shall see below, this critique of the rational, autonomous Cartesian subject will serve Nietzsche very well as he expands his attack on the traditional Enlightenment into the areas of politics and morality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a similar vein, Nietzsche suggests that consciousness is also deeply contingent. He cites "Leibniz's incomparable insight that has been vindicated not only against Descartes but against everybody who had philosophized before him--that consciousness is merely an accidens of experience and not its necessary and essential attribute. . ."14 Nietzsche refuses to accept the claim that without a conscious subject to think our thoughts no thought can occur. "No one today is naive enough to set the 'I-subject' as a condition of thinking, in the manner of Descartes," Nietzsche says scornfully.15 It is quite possible and reasonable, Nietzsche argues, to postulate thought simply as something that happens, without reference to the kind of subject that is, in Cartesian epistemology, absolutely necessary for thought to occur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Martin Heidegger offers an interesting interpretation of Nietzsche's critique of Cartesian subjectivity. Heidegger writes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;no matter how sharply Nietzsche pits himself time and again against Descartes, whose philosophy grounds modern metaphysics, he turns against Descartes only because the latter still does not posit man as subiectum in a way that is complete and decisive enough. The representation of the subiectum as ego, the I, thus the 'egoistic' interpretation of the subiectum, is still not subjectivistic enough for Nietzsche. Modern metaphysics first comes to the full and final determination of its essence in the doctrine of the Overman, the doctrine of man's absolute preeminence among beings. In that doctrine, Descartes celebrates his supreme triumph.16&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On this interpretation, Nietzsche's problem with Descartes is that the former does not offer a strong enough subjectivity. Thus, while on the surface Nietzsche seems to be offering a virulent critique of the Cartesian project to rational subjectivity, in fact he is doing so in the name of what is essentially a radicalized Cartesianism. Heidegger writes: "Nietzsche's doctrine, which makes everything that is, and as it is, into the 'property and product of man,' merely carries out the final development of Descartes' doctrine, according to which truth is grounded on the self-certainty of the human subject."17 According to Heidegger's radical interpretation of Nietzsche's project, Nietzsche attacks only the form of Cartesian subjectivity, but leaves intact--indeed, insists upon--the idea that some kind of independent subject is necessary. "Nietzsche mistakes the origin of the 'concept of substance' because, in spite of all his criticism of Descartes, and without an adequate knowledge of the essence of a fundamental metaphysical position, he takes the fundamental position of modern metaphysics as absolutely certain and stakes everything on the priority of man as subject."18 Heidegger claims that without realizing it, Nietzsche is accepting Cartesian assumptions about subjectivity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, even Heidegger is forced to admit that Nietzsche makes some fundamental changes to Cartesian subjectivity. The most important of these is that Nietzsche posits the body rather than the soul as the seat of subjectivity. Heidegger writes: "for Nietzsche, what underlies is not the 'I' but the 'body'."19 Up to this point, Heidegger's metacritique--that is, his critique of Nietzsche's critique of Descartes--is persuasive. However, it is with the admission of the differences between Nietzsche and Descartes that Heidegger's position breaks down. Heidegger claims that the fact "that Nietzsche posits the body in place of the soul and consciousness alters nothing in the fundamental metaphysical position which is determined by Descartes."20 But in fact this changes everything. As we have seen, it is precisely the idea of the subject as conscious, rational, and thinking that Nietzsche most strongly criticizes. Nietzsche's critique of the cogito and of Cartesian rationalism is aimed against a particular brand of subjectivity, namely the kind which became institutionalized as the default form of Enlightened individualism. Heidegger is quite right when he argues that Nietzsche retains and even insists upon a kind of subjectivity. As we shall see, the Overman is definitely a kind of subject, but it is a subject of a new kind, rooted not in the conscious rationality of Descartes, but in health, the body and physicality. This emphasis on the body is precisely what distinguishes Nietzsche from Descartes and what motivates his critique of Cartesian subjectivity. I do not wish to dispute Heidegger's claim that Nietzsche's thought is a kind of metaphysics; indeed, it is a fundamental part of my argument that Nietzsche offers a transformed Enlightenment, a new brand of metaphysics. What I must contest in the strongest possible terms, however, is Heidegger's claim that Nietzsche's project is nothing more than a radicalized Cartesianism. Rather, I want to suggest that Nietzsche argues against Cartesian metaphysics and subjectivity in the name of a new kind of metaphysics and subjectivity, the dimensions of which I shall make clear presently.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whatever its limitations, the Heideggerian metacritique raises a crucial issue: what, if any, are the aspects of Cartesian metaphysics that Nietzsche retains? To what extent is Nietzsche's critique of Descartes successful, and what are its limitations? Karl Jaspers suggests that "when Nietzsche finds methods to be the authentic basis of the compelling validity of scientific knowledge and then catches sight of the conditions under which they can be employed in the service of life. . .it seems as though he has discovered an absolute value in methodological science."21 This would seem at first to contradict my claims about Nietzsche's critique of the Cartesian method. However, Jaspers's claim must be modified somewhat, for in this initial formulation it does not account for the fact that statements of "absolute value" are rare if not nonexistent in Nietzsche's work. Alexander Nehamas refers to Nietzsche's refusal to posit absolute values as perspectivism, which Nehamas describes as "Nietzsche's famous insistence that every view is only one among many possible interpretations, his own views, particularly this very one, included."22 As Jaspers goes on to admit, "it is essential that Nietzsche recognized a kind of truth inhering in the scientific method and equally essential that, being aware of the limits of scientific truth, he did not regard such truth as final and absolute."23 If Nietzsche retains some kind of faith in scientific method, then, it is a provisional faith, and this clearly distinguishes him from someone like Descartes, whose faith in his method is absolute. Nietzsche's perspectivism is crucial here, for it stands in sharp contrast to the Cartesian method. Descartes's goal, and the goal of many Enlightened thinkers who followed him, was to locate the foundations of absolute, universal knowledge. For Nietzsche, this goal is impossible, for such knowledge is radically incoherent. Indeed, this is one of Nietzsche's most important objections to conventional Enlightenment thought: the kind of knowledge that thinkers like Descartes seek is not, for Nietzsche, a possible kind of human knowledge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As we have seen, Heidegger offers a more radical interpretation of Nietzsche's critique of Descartes. Heidegger admits that "we do not believe that Nietzsche teaches a doctrine identical to Descartes'."24 Heidegger goes on to state, however, that "we are affirming something far more essential, to wit, that he is thinking the selfsame in the historical fulfillment of its essence."25 For Heidegger, then, despite Nietzsche's critique of Descartes and despite the obvious differences between their two positions, Nietzsche's project is in some profound sense linked to that of Descartes. Heidegger writes, for example, that "in the sense of Nietzsche's metaphysics, only the Over-man is appropriate to an absolute 'machine economy.'"26 Here Heidegger is invoking Nietzsche's strongest statement of subjectivity and explicitly tying it to the Cartesian world view. Heidegger's essential question is this: "what if the positing of this basic character [of beings] became possible only on the basis of Descartes' fundamental metaphysical position?"27 In Heidegger's view, then, Nietzsche is possible only as the heir to Descartes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I wish to argue against this. I believe that Heidegger is right when he says that Nietzsche's project is a metaphysical one, but wrong when he claims that the metaphysics Nietzsche uses is fundamentally Cartesian. It is undeniable that Nietzsche's project is in many ways a scientific one; however, as I have argued above, this is hardly the same as saying that his project is Cartesian. Rather, I believe that Nietzsche attacks the Cartesian (and in a broader sense, the Enlightened) idea of science in the name of a reformulated science, a joyous science. An aphorism from Human, All Too Human is helpful here: "And now try to assess the greatness of those exceptional Greeks who created science! He who tells of them, tells the most heroic story in the history of the human spirit!"28 Clearly, Nietzsche is no enemy of science here, but the kind of science he's advocating is hardly that of abstract Cartesian rationalism. It is a more vigorous, more lively, more noble kind of science--the forerunner of the gay science, we may suppose--and it clearly forms one of the cornerstones of Nietzsche's well-known admiration of the Greeks. It is not science that Nietzsche opposes, but modern science, science in its Enlightened, Cartesian form.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Laurence Lampert supports this interpretation in his important work, Nietzsche and Modern Times. Lampert notes that "Nietzsche came to recognize the dangers attendant on modern science and set about to remedy them with a new understanding of science based on a more adequate understanding of nature."29 Lampert recognizes and emphasizes Nietzsche's devotion to a certain kind of science; he argues against "the deeply ingrained misconception that Nietzsche is an enemy of science."30 Lampert argues, rather, that "Nietzsche is, emphatically, an advocate of science," but also claims that Nietzsche "rejected science's reigning paradigm."31 In Lampert's view, then, Nietzsche emerges as a thinker who is pro-science but anti-Cartesian, which is exactly the position I wish to take. As Lampert puts it, "Nietzsche attacks the mechanistic worldview, with its elevation of physics, its claim to certitude, and its claim to social benefit--and he does so as a friend of science."32 Against Heidegger and with Lampert, then, I wish to claim that Nietzsche does attack Cartesian metaphysics and that he does successfully criticize Cartesian science. I also want to argue, however, that Nietzsche retains some essential aspects of Cartesian thought even as he undermines the Cartesian system as a universally valid and absolute world view. Among the most important of these aspects is a belief in the possibility of a metaphysics--though Nietzsche's metaphysics is, as we have begun to see, profoundly different from that of Descartes--and the desire to advocate a science--though again, this science is to be Nietzsche's joyous or gay science, and definitely not the coldly rational science of Descartes. In this way, Nietzsche formulates a dramatic and effective critique of modern, Enlightened, Cartesian metaphysics and science, while retaining the possibility of a transfigured metaphysics and a new kind of science.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rousseau&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche's critique of Cartesian subjectivity sets the stage for a critique of the kind of Enlightened politics that this subjectivity makes possible. Nietzsche articulates this political critique as an attack on Rousseau. Rousseau's politics assumes that individual Cartesian subjects who exist peacefully and harmoniously in the state of nature will eventually join together via a social contract. His thought contains at its very heart the same conception of human subjectivity that Nietzsche attempted to reject with Descartes. Nietzsche's critique of Rousseau's politics thus reads as an extension of the critique of Cartesian subjectivity outlined above.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche does not directly challenge specific terms from Rousseau's political thought such as "general will" or "social contract." Rather, he mounts a more characteristically Nietzschean attack on Rousseau's political thought, attacking Rousseau's ideas at the level of fundamental foundations and first principles. Nietzsche is interested not so much in what Rousseau believes but in what Rousseau represents, and Nietzsche sees Rousseau as a symbol of the kind of politics that he most reviles: liberal, parliamentarian, democratic politics. Nietzsche writes in the Gay Science:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are not by any means "liberal"; we do not work for "progress"; we do not need to plug up our ears against the sirens who in the market place sing of the future: their song about "equal rights," "a free society," "no more masters and no servants" has no allure for us. We simply do not consider it desirable that a realm of justice and concord should be established on earth (because it would certainly be the realm of the deepest leveling and chinoiserie); we are delighted with all who love, as we do, danger, war, and adventures, who refuse to compromise, to be captured, reconciled, and castrated; we count ourselves among conquerors; we think about the necessity for new orders, also for a new slavery--for every strengthening and enhancement of the human type also involves a new kind of enslavement.33&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche does not explicitly mention Rousseau here, but in this remarkable passage, he outlines and rejects every component of the Enlightened politics for which Rousseau symbolically stands in Nietzsche's writing: liberalism, progress, equal rights and freedom. Some of these--notably the concepts of equal rights and freedom--are indeed important components of Rousseau's political thought, and derive from his idea of the social contract. Others, such as liberalism, are extrapolations which Nietzsche makes when he establishes Rousseau as the grounding point of modern politics. In any case, it is clear that Nietzsche is offering a concept of politics which is dramatically at odds with Rousseau's egalitarian political scheme. "Danger," "war" and "conquering" certainly have no place in a Rousseauian political system, except perhaps as symbols of the unjust political structure which will be overcome when man is finally removed from his chains and permitted to enter into just political arrangements. And "slavery," which Nietzsche extols as an institution that can strengthen and enhance humanity, is the perfect antithesis of Rousseau's political project, which seeks to render individuals free in a profound new sense through the establishment of a just political order.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It would seem, then, that in place of Rousseau's egalitarian politics, with its goal of freedom for all individuals, Nietzsche favors an agonistic or conflict-based model of human political behavior. This is hardly surprising when we recall that the political system which Nietzsche most respected was that of the ancient Greeks. As Ike Okanta puts it, "the theory of conquest...presupposes neither the gradual evolution of pre-political institutions nor a fundamental agreement in the visions of men."34 Nietzsche, then, is not only critical of Rousseau's account of the evolutionary process by which the social contract developed; he also attacks the very concept of human nature which would make such an evolutionary development possible. The "gradual evolution" model favored by Rousseau presupposes a "fundamental agreement"--the social contract--between independent, autonomous subjects, and as we have seen, Nietzsche rejects this Cartesian notion of subjectivity. In places, however, Nietzsche is not above using this concept of subjectivity against Rousseauian political thought: "one tries to condition an individual by various attractions and advantages to adopt a way of thinking and behaving that, once it has become a habit, instinct and passion, will dominate him to his own ultimate disadvantage but 'for the general good.'"35 The phrase "for the general good" here echoes "for the general will," and we may suppose that this is no accident. Nietzsche is formulating here a critique of Rousseau's politics that ironically seems to be based on the very kind of individual subjectivity that Nietzsche wants to reject. There are two ways we might interpret this move. It might simply be an attempt to use Rousseau's own categories against him, even though Nietzsche explicitly rejects those very categories elsewhere. Or more plausibly, it might be one of the ways in which Nietzsche selectively challenges aspects of Enlightened thought while retaining ideas that are in fact quite Enlightened. As we shall see, Nietzsche retains a very strong commitment to a kind of subjectivity, though it is a very different kind from the Cartesian subjectivity he so ruthlessly criticizes. In any case, it seems clear that Nietzsche is adamant in rejecting ideas of the general good and general will.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indeed, Nietzsche rejects the very theory of nature on which Rousseau's ideas of the social contract and the general good are based, and it is here that he begins to refer explicitly to Rousseau. For Rousseau, nature represents a kind of utopian ideal condition; it is the departure from this condition, as humans begin to congregate together in social groups and thus lose their independence, that is responsible for mankind's moral fall. This fall necessitates the development of political institutions which will help us to regain some of what we have lost. Nietzsche, however, advocates a theory of nature that is quite opposed to this. He writes: "Against Rousseau--The state of nature is terrible, man is a beast of prey; our civilization represents a tremendous triumph over this beast-of-prey nature: thus argued Voltaire."36 Though we may suppose that Nietzsche hardly agrees with the interpretation of civilization as a triumph over anything, it is clear that by employing Voltaire against Rousseau in this way, Nietzsche means to begin a critique of Rousseau's concept of nature.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche finds this idea of nature to be a naive and unrealistic depiction of humanity's natural state. Indeed, he goes so far as to associate Rousseau's understanding of nature with the kind of Christian ethics he despises: "Rousseau's concept of nature, as if 'nature' were freedom, goodness, innocence, fairness, justice, an idyll--still a cult of Christian morality fundamentally."37 Rousseau's state of nature smacks too much of the Garden of Eden for Nietzsche. And by attacking this idea of nature, Nietzsche implicitly attacks the idea of political society which grows out of that idea. Rousseau's entire political philosophy assumes that individual humans in the state of nature are free and innocent, that moving into society corrupts them, and that political institutions should attempt to correct this; Nietzsche's position is quite the opposite. For Nietzsche, the natural state of humanity is brutal and savage, the best societies (such as the Greeks, with their agonistic politics) reflect this, and "Rousseau's question concerning civilization: 'Does man become better through it?'--[is] an amusing question, since the reverse is obvious and is precisely that which speaks in favor of civilization."38 The one point on which Nietzsche and Rousseau agree, then, is that civilization has a corrupting effect on mankind--but they disagree profoundly as to the value of that effect. For Rousseau, corruption requires the creation of institutions to set society straight. For Nietzsche, however, corruption must be allowed to run its course, for it represents the necessary precursor to any real improvement of the human condition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rousseau's tendency towards correction and reform of the ills of civilization can easily be translated into a political doctrine, and it is against this type of reform that Nietzsche offers some of his strongest rhetoric. This Nietzsche's critique of Rousseau as a revolutionary. Nietzsche writes in Human, All Too Human:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are political and social fantasists who with fiery eloquence invite a revolutionary overturning of all social orders in the belief that the proudest temple of fair humanity will then at once rise up as though of its own accord. In these perilous dreams there is still an echo of Rousseau's superstition, which believes in a miraculous primeval but as it were buried goodness of human nature and ascribes all the blame for this burying to the institutions of culture in the form of society, state and education.39&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here Nietzsche's critique blossoms into a full-fledged attack on Rousseau as a revolutionary "fantasist." The particular form of revolutionary thought and activity with which Nietzsche associated Rousseau was, of course, the French Revolution. To be fair, as Keith Ansell-Pearson points out, Nietzsche may have too readily associated Rousseau with the Revolution, and may have attributed to Rousseau a desire to return to the state of nature that Rousseau never actually had.40 However, as I noted above, I am less interested in constructing a "true" picture of Rousseau's political thought, and more interested in developing an understanding of how Nietzsche saw that thought. I believe that for Nietzsche, Rousseau represented an avatar of modern politics, the kind of politics that received its most dramatic expression in the French Revolution. Whether or not this is a valid criticism of Rousseau, this is the way in which Nietzsche symbolically made use of Rousseau.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As Walter Kaufmann notes, "Nietzsche did not believe that by 'returning to nature' man would become good, or that Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity were close to the state of nature. His view of 'nature' was much the opposite: by returning to nature man would only become a beast of prey or a Catalinarian criminal--and people following Rousseau might find themselves transformed into a revolutionary mob thirsting for blood."41 Here we see again Nietzsche's opposition to a Rousseauian concept of nature, and something more: Kaufmann is suggesting that this rejection of Rousseau's idea of nature should be explicitly tied to Nietzsche's critique of revolutionary politics. This revolutionary politics, in turn, is fundamentally linked to every manifestation of the modern state. Kaufmann writes: "[Nietzsche] recognized in the citizen of Geneva one of the main forces contributing to the origin of the modern Nation State. Since it was Nietzsche's profound concern to counteract the influence of the modern Nation State, he was opposed to Rousseau; for the Nation State seemed to Nietzsche the archenemy of nonconformity, self-realization, and the 'single one's' remaking of his own nature."42 Kaufmann is arguing that Nietzsche's attack on Rousseau's concept of nature leads to the broadest possible critique of Rousseau as the symbol of all modern politics, and I believe that Kaufmann is right about this.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Numerous passages from Nietzsche's works indicate that he linked Rousseau with French Revolutionary politics and thence with the modern democratic state in general. In the Will to Power, he writes: "The French Revolution as the continuation of Christianity. Rousseau is the seducer."43 By stigmatizing the Revolution as a mere continuation of what Nietzsche saw as a bankrupt ethical scheme, and by installing Rousseau as the man responsible for this continuation, Nietzsche attacks both Revolutionary politics and their putative author, Rousseau. In Human, All Too Human, Nietzsche explicitly cites Rousseau as the origin of the Revolution: "It is not Voltaire's moderate nature, inclined as it was to ordering, purifying and reconstructing, but Rousseau's passionate follies and half-lies that called forth the optimistic spirit of the Revolution against which I cry: 'Ecrasez l'infame!'"44 We should note here the ironic way in which Nietzsche employs Voltaire's slogan, "crush the infamous thing!," against Rousseau. Nietzsche is able to make use of this slogan, which was originally directed against the Church, precisely because he equates Rousseau's politics with the ethics of Christianity. We should also note the way in which this critique of Rousseau constitutes a criticism of Enlightened ideas about progress and optimism. However, Nietzsche, ever complex, goes on in the same text to defend Enlightenment against the Revolution: "[Rousseau] then went on with perfidious enthusiasm to set the Enlightenment too on its fanatical head, which thereby itself began to glow as though in a transfigured light: the Enlightenment, which is fundamentally so alien to the Revolution and, left to itself, would have passed quietly along like a gleam in the clouds and for long have been content to address itself only to the individual."45 Here Nietzsche seems quite nostalgic for a purer, more abstract, less politically tainted kind of Enlightenment, and this may seem surprising until we recall that Nietzsche's relationship with the Enlightenment is ambiguous in precisely this way. He cannot bring himself to mount an all-out attack on Enlightenment; too many of its ideas remain his own. But he can certainly attack specific manifestations of the traditional Enlightenment, and his critique of the Revolution is precisely this kind of critique. In his later works, Nietzsche becomes quite graphic as he develops this critique; in Twilight of the Idols, he writes: "I still hate Rousseau in the French Revolution: it is the world-historical expression of this duality of idealist and rabble."46 The Enlightenment that Nietzsche wishes to pursue is not the Enlightenment of the French Revolution and Rousseau.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This association of the Revolution with its "rabble" brings us to another important part of Nietzsche's critique, and that is his attack on Rousseau's egalitarianism. As I argued in Chapter One, Rousseau advocates a very specific kind of social equality, one aimed at providing the maximum possible amount of individual freedom in a society. So if we wish to characterize Rousseau as an egalitarian, we must qualify that term by also stating that Rousseau's egalitarian project is carried out in the name of freedom for a kind of Enlightened, Cartesian subject. If we understand Rousseau's egalitarianism in this specific sense, then it becomes clear that Nietzsche will have nothing to do with Rousseau's project, since that project is based on a variety of subjectivity which Nietzsche has already rejected. Keith Ansell-Pearson recognizes this reluctance on Nietzsche's part to adopt any notion of freedom or individuality which depends upon a Rousseauian politicization of Cartesian subjectivity; Ansell-Pearson goes so far as to criticize Nietzsche for failing to recognize the importance of solidarity and community in the achievement of genuine sovereign individuality.47 One could, of course, read Nietzsche as mounting an elitist critique of Rousseau's egalitarianism. We should be careful to remember, however, that two important considerations prevent us from viewing Nietzsche as an individualist in any conventional way. First, by rejecting Rousseau's egalitarianism, Nietzsche is also implicitly rejecting the individualistic motivation behind that egalitarian project. And second, as we have already seen, Nietzsche rejects the Cartesian subjectivity that is the basis for all modern understandings of the individual.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been suggested by some commentators that Nietzsche's rejection of Cartesian subjectivity in the specifically political context of individualistic egalitarianism should be understood as part of a much larger project. One such strand of interpretation has been to view Nietzsche's critique of Rousseau's politics in the context of a much larger cultural critique of Rousseau. Eric Blondel, for example, argues that "Nietzsche's opposition to Rousseau at first takes its origin, not in the question of the City, the state, the law, or the type of government, but in the problem of culture."48 For Blondel, the problem that Nietzsche had with Rousseau was in part political, but this was only one aspect of a deeper problem: "the problem lies elsewhere: to me, at the level of the underground basis of the question of culture, and not on the surface level of political opinions, nor even on that of political philosophy."49 While Blondel's characterization of political thought as a "surface level" is perhaps problematic, his approach is an interesting one. For Blondel, the question of particular political forms or positions is a secondary one. Blondel believes that Nietzsche was able to reject Rousseau's egalitarian politics simply by claiming that Rousseau's position represents the decadence of modern culture. Indeed, this seems plausible; as I argued in Chapter One, Rousseau's politics depends heavily on an Enlightened idea of the self. Therefore, if Nietzsche rejects this idea, as we have seen that he does, then neither Rousseau's egalitarian individualism nor any other kind of political position that relies on this kind of subjectivity will be acceptable to him. And any kind of culture based on this concept of subjectivity would naturally be open to a Nietzschean attack; in this case, Nietzsche dismisses the modern culture of individuality as decadent. Gerhardt Gamm takes a position that is in many ways similar to Blondel's; Gamm argues that Nietzsche's dialectic of Enlightenment is about the cost of the concealed Rousseauian consciousness of modernity.50 For Gamm, as for Blondel, Rousseau represents to Nietzsche a symbolism that is political only on a surface level; beneath this, Rousseau seems to signify the broader, deeper kind of cultural modernity that Nietzsche wishes to attack. And Lars-Henrik Schmidt argues that "Rousseau's social physics is only apparently a distinct political philosophy. It is, rather, an ethics. The basic tone is a reflection of the lost immediacy, this time in the field of politics."51 For these thinkers, then, Nietzsche's attack on Rousseau is only superficially political; beneath this, it is fundamentally ethical or cultural.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A look at Nietzsche's writings supports a broader reading of Nietzsche's critique of Rousseau. I want to argue, however, that it does not support the kind of anti-political reading suggested by critics such as Blondel. Although Nietzsche's critique of Rousseau may be read broadly to include ethics and culture, this by no means should cause us to underestimate the very real political significance of that critique. In the Will to Power, Nietzsche writes that "Rousseau is a symptom of self-contempt and heated vanity--both signs that the domineering will is lacking", and goes on to say that Rousseau was, "beyond a doubt, mentally disturbed."52 Clearly, Rousseau represents some kind of cultural decadent for Nietzsche. In Daybreak, he describes Rousseau as a "moral tarantula."53 Here Nietzsche seems to formulate a moral or ethical critique of Rousseau, which he develops more fully later in the same work: "you have the choice of concluding with Rousseau that 'this pitiable civilisation is to blame for our bad morality' or against Rousseau that 'our good morality is to blame for this pitiableness of our civilisation."54 One has little trouble imagining which route Nietzsche would prefer to take here. So clearly, there is in Nietzsche's work a critique of Rousseau's ethics and of Rousseau himself as a cultural decadent. However, this must not cause us to underestimate the importance of Nietzsche's critique of Rousseau as a political thinker. I have been arguing that Nietzsche criticizes Rousseau's political ideas and the concept of nature on which these ideas are based, as well as Rousseau's individualistically motivated egalitarianism; I believe that these are essential parts of his overall critique of Rousseau. I further believe that these political critiques are rooted in Nietzsche's hostility to the Enlightened, Cartesian ideas about subjectivity in which Rousseau's politics are grounded. Nietzsche's fundamental rejection of Cartesian subjectivity makes it impossible for him to accept any political system based on these Cartesian concepts, as the politics of Rousseau, the French Revolution and modern democracy clearly are. Through his discussion of the ways in which autonomous Cartesian subjects voluntarily join together via social contracts and try to create just political societies which will adequately protect individual freedoms, Rousseau articulates the Enlightened politics of modernity, the politics of Cartesian subjectivity. The rejection of this politics forms the political component of Nietzsche's attack on Enlightenment in its conventional form.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I now want to consider Nietzsche's critique of Kantian morality, but before doing so, I would like to use Kant to show briefly how morality and politics can combine in Nietzsche's critique of Enlightened modernity. In the Antichrist, Nietzsche asks: "Did not Kant find in the French Revolution the transition from the inorganic form of the state to the organic? Did he not ask himself whether there was any event which could be explained only in terms of a moral disposition of mankind, an event which would demonstrate once and for all the 'tendency of mankind towards the good'? Kant's answer: 'This is the Revolution.'"55 For Nietzsche, then, Kant's ethics and Rousseau's politics (that is, the politics of the French Revolution) are inextricably tied together. Both represent fundamental aspects of Enlightened modernity, which is precisely what Nietzsche means to criticize. As Olivier Reboul notes, Kant was, for Nietzsche, a plebeian, and a plebeian who manifested a Rousseauian egalitarianism.56 It is this, in addition to Kant's secularized Christian morality, which Nietzsche wished to attack.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kant&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be sure, the Enlightenment contained important impulses towards pure secularism. But some of the most important thinkers of the conventional Enlightenment retained key elements of the Christian world-view. Descartes's metaphysics relied on a belief in God, and many aspects of Rouseau's ethical thought were recognizably Christian. Nietzsche was always quite hostile towards any manifestations of Christian thought. For example, the morality of pity, which Nietzsche associated with the Christian ethos, drew heavy scorn from him. He writes in Human, All Too Human: "All those who do not have themselves sufficiently under their own control and do not know morality as a continual self-command and self-overcoming practised in great things and in the smallest, involuntarily become glorifiers of the good, pitying, benevolent impulses, of that instinctive morality which has no head but seems to consist solely of heart and helping hands."57 For Nietzsche, this kind of herd-based ethics was abhorrent because it was detrimental to the development of healthful life; as I shall show in Chapter Five below, great health was one of Nietzsche's highest values. And one thinker stood out in particular for Nietzsche as the advocate of this decadent, "sickly" kind of ethics, namely Immanuel Kant. Kant represents for Nietzsche the attempt to translate Christian ethics into a secular, Enlightened context.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche approached his critique of Kant by first articulating a more general criticism of morality. As Arthur Danto notes, Nietzsche had a definite goal here: he meant to ask us not to abandon moral beliefs but only the meta-ethical belief that morality can be justified.58 Nietzsche was not attacking morality as a concept, then, but was rather offering a critique of the idea of universal morality, a morality which claims to be justified in any context or situation. Nietzsche's idea of a proper morality is one that is perspectival, and this is what he means when he discusses a morality beyond good and evil. This should not be confused with a moral relativism, which essentially denies the validity of any moral position by rendering all moral positions equivalent. Nehamas, for example, accepts "Nietzsche's view that there are no facts that are independent of interpretation and that are therefore capable of providing the common object of which all interpretations are interpretations. . . .But I also think--and so, I believe and argue, does Nietzsche--that some interpretations are better than others and that we can even know sometimes that this is the case."59 Nietzsche does believe that there are ways to distinguish and choose between moral positions, but he does not believe that this can be done in terms of an appeal to universal truth. And Nietzsche feels that his moral perspectivism is a sufficiently strong position that it may displace the moral universalism prevalent in philosophy prior to him: "Let us not be deceived either in the Kantian or in the Hegelian manner:--we not longer believe in morality, as they did, and consequently we have no need to found a philosophy with the aim of justifying morality."60 When Nietzsche says "they," he is referring to the philosophers of universalistic morality. To Nietzsche, this universalistic approach reveals a certain ignorance about the world: "To assert the existence as a whole of things of which we know nothing whatever, precisely because there is an advantage in not being able to know anything of them, was a piece of naivet? of Kant, resulting from needs, mainly moral-metaphysical."61 Here Nietzsche is using another of his favorite critical tactics. By showing a philosophical position to be the simple result of a psychological need, he implies that people believe in this position not because the world really is that way, but only because they have a disposition to believe it. Thus "there are no moral actions whatsoever: they are completely imaginary. Not only are they indemonstrable (which Kant, e.g., admitted, and Christianity as well)--they are altogether impossible."62 If moral actions are imaginary, a psychological effect rather than a reflection of the way the world is, then universal morality itself becomes untenable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The particular form of universalistic morality to which Nietzsche was most opposed, of course, was the Christian form. For him, Kant represented the prime example of how this morality had become institutionalized and secularized in the European (and especially in the German) academy. Thus in a description of Kant in the Will to Power, Nietzsche notes that Kant was "way off when it comes to great historical values (French Revolution); a moral fanatic ? la Rousseau; a subterranean Christianity in his values; a dogmatist through and through."63 Here we see the way in which critiques of political and ethical values combine in Nietzsche's critique of Kant, much as they did in his attacks on Rousseau. More significantly for our purposes, we see that Kant represents for Nietzsche a secret, elusive kind of Christianity. It is a Christianity smuggled through the back door, as it were, a Christianity that has disguised itself in order to render itself acceptable to the scientific, rational Enlightenment. "In the case of Kant," Nietzsche writes, "theological prejudice, his unconscious dogmatism, his moralistic perspective, were dominant, directing, commanding."64 Again, Kant's Christianity reads here like an unknown, subconscious drive. Kant may not even have realized what he was doing when he brought Christian ethics back into the Enlightenment; that is how far his Christian morality lay hidden beneath an external veneer of Enlightened rationalism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Everything that Kant built, Nietzsche believes, he built "under the seduction of morality."65 Kant's entire ethical system, for Nietzsche, represents nothing more than a great deceit, a complex, well-developed trick which is all the more insidious for being designed by an intellect of Kant's caliber. "The. . .Tartuffery of the old Kant as he lures us on the dialectical bypaths that lead to his 'categorical imperative'--really lead astray and seduce--this spectacle makes us smile, as we are fastidious and find it quite amusing to watch closely the subtle tricks of old moralists and preachers of morals."66 With characteristic arrogance, Nietzsche has proclaimed himself to be one of the few thinkers capable of seeing through this devious moral trickery that Kant has foisted off on the academic community and indeed on the intellectual population in general. In Twilight of the Idols, Nietzsche provides this summary of his feelings towards Kant: "Any distinction between a 'true' and an 'apparent' world--whether in the Christian manner or in the manner of Kant (in the end, an underhanded Christian)--is only a suggestion of decadence, a symptom of the decline of life."67 This is, of course, the strongest possible critique that Nietzsche can raise, as we shall see in Chapter Five. That which is opposed to life earns Nietzsche's strongest wrath, and in his mind, Kant's ethics fits that description.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The specific form that Christian morality takes in Kant's system is the categorical imperative, and this principle comes under Nietzsche's unrelenting scrutiny. As Jules de Gaultier suggests, this is in many ways the center of Nietzsche's attack on Kant; Nietzsche's entire philosophy sometimes seems to rise against Kant's imperative.68 Richard White makes a more moderate claim about Nietzsche's relationship with the categorical imperative. White claims that "Nietzsche recognized that his whole philosophical project, like Kant's, was directed after the autonomy of the individual life; only now he realized that Kantian solutions like the categorical imperative entail the complete oblivion of the individual as such."69 White's claim that Nietzsche's project is devoted to the pursuit of individual autonomy is certainly interesting, especially given what we have seen of Nietzsche's critique of Enlightened concepts of individual subjectivity. As we shall see in Chapter Five, however, White is onto something when he suggests that some kind of autonomy is crucial for Nietzsche. But we must also emphasize again that it is a kind of autonomy based on a profoundly new understanding of human subjectivity. In any case, White admits that Nietzsche offers a critique of the categorical imperative, which is enough for our purposes now. White simply believes that "Nietzsche's criticism of Kant is really a critique from within."70 I do believe that White overstates the case for reading Nietzsche as some kind of pseudo-Kantian; as Mark Fowler notes, "the Kantian autonomous individual is not something [Nietzsche] thinks exists. In other words, when it came to Kantian ethics, Nietzsche's response was a resounding 'No' from the very first."71 White and others who may wish to make a Kantian of Nietzsche have an uphill battle ahead of them, for they will have to find some way to account for the fact that Kant's ethics is based on a kind of subjectivity that Nietzsche explicitly rejects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche attacks the imperative on a number of other grounds as well. He mocks it as something "incomprehensible, that this misery of the understanding and its concepts is limited, conditional, finite, deceptive: the certainty of this is Kant's greatest gift to us."72 He turns the categories of Christian ethics against the categorical imperative itself, claiming that "the categorical imperative smells of cruelty."73 And again, he makes the strongest critique he knows how to make; he wonders how anyone could "fail to feel how Kant's categorical imperative endangered life itself!"74 The imperative, in other words, is strictly opposed to the new kind of morality that Nietzsche wishes to create; it must therefore be opposed itself in the strongest terms by those who wish to develop this new morality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As we saw in Chapter One, Kant justifies and grounds his universal Christian ethics in a discussion of universal reason. It is through the category of absolute reason that Kant is able to maintain an essentially Christian ethical position without explicit reference to a Christian God. Nietzsche therefore bases part of his assault on Kantian ethics on a critique of Kant's universal reason. As Olivier Reboul puts it, "One can see that Nietzsche does not reject reason, but rather the obligation to choose between passion and reason; Kant opts for reason against the passions, which he considers animalistic, egoistic and dangerous."75 Nietzsche is not an irrationalist as we usually understand the term. Rather, he is a perspectivist. He attacks Kant on the grounds that Kant limits or excludes many valuable perspectives. For Nietzsche, reason is not dangerous in and of itself. But universal reason of the kind Kant advocates, which proposes itself as the only valid means for developing ethical principles, is extremely dangerous. As Kaufmann notes, Nietzsche flirted with reason as a universal principle, but came to reject it decisively: "Had Nietzsche developed his own earlier dualistic tendencies, he might now have spoken of reason's control over the will to power, of Apollo's victory over Dionysus, or of Ormazd's triumph over Ahriman. His repudiation of any such dualism through the mouth of his Zarathustra, however, rules out any such approximation of the classical and Kantian views."76 Dualism gave way in Nietzsche's thought to perspectivism. And universal, practical reason of the Kantian type became associated in Nietzsche's thought with "moral fanaticism."77&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is this same fanatical, moralistic rationality that renders Kant soulless in Nietzsche's estimation; Nietzsche believes that "if you compare Kant and Schopenhauer with Plato, Spinoza, Pascal, Rousseau, Goethe in respect of their soul and not of their mind, then the former are at a disadvantage: their thoughts do not constitute a passionate history of the soul; there is nothing here that would make a novel, no crises, catastrophes or death-scenes; their thinking is not at the same time an involuntary biography of a soul, but, in the case of Kant, the biography of a head."78 It is interesting to note that here even the hated Rousseau fares better than Kant, for at least the former has some element of passion and soul in his writing, whereas Kant emerges from this critique as some kind of cold mental mandarin, churning out abstract treatises on the ideality of space and time with no real sense of human experience. Even in his earliest works, Nietzsche is already suspicious of Kant's soullessness. He writes in the Untimely Meditations: "Kant has had a living and life-transforming influence on only a very few men. One can read everywhere, I know, that since this quiet scholar produced his work a revolution has taken place in every domain of the spirit; but I cannot believe it."79 It is clear that Nietzsche has an unorthodox view of what a philosopher should be, "namely not merely a great thinker but also a real human being; and when did a scholar ever become a real human being?"80 Kant's extreme rationalism, beyond simply creating a problematic philosophical position, makes Kant problematic for Nietzsche as a philosopher. Kant, who never ventured beyond the safe and comfortable environs of his university town of K?nigsberg, is for Nietzsche the very epitome of the isolated Enlightenment academic.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche's critique of Kantian rationality is also part of a larger critique of Kant's transcendental metaphysics. Kant justifies his appeal to reason by making reason something that is transcendentally ideal. Nietzsche wishes to render this move problematic. As Kittman suggests, "for Nietzsche there is only the world of experience. There is no intelligible character to things, no intelligible freedom, no intelligible world."81 Nietzsche is extremely skeptical of Kant's idealism and of the Kantian claim that one can say anything for certain about the world of things-in-themselves. Nietzsche argues that the transcendental world was "invented, in order that a place remains for 'moral freedom' (in Kant)."82 On this interpretation, the world of the transcendentally ideal is no absolute truth at all but a convenient fiction propounded by Kant solely for the purpose of justifying his moral scheme. And Nietzsche fears that this deceit, this fraud, has been tremendously successful: "What is certain is that, since Kant, transcendentalists of every kind have once more won the day--they have been emancipated from every kind of theologians: what joy!"83 Nietzsche implies, of course, that the free ride which the transcendentalists have enjoyed is now finally at an end; with the Nietzschean critique, the fraud of transcendentalism will be revealed for what it is.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Given Nietzsche's critique of Kant's Christian ethics as well as his critiques of Kantian rationalism and metaphysics, it would perhaps seem obvious to suggest that Nietzsche also attacks Kant's ideas about subjectivity and freedom. After all, as we saw above, these ideas belong to the same Enlightenment tradition of subjectivity that Nietzsche attacked so vigorously in his critique of Descartes. Nonetheless, some commentators have suggested that Nietzsche retains a somewhat Kantian notion of subjectivity. Richard White, for example, claims that:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;following in the tradition of Kant, Nietzsche is inspired by an ideal of autonomy which expresses the highest achievement of the individual life; though in distinction to Kant, Nietzsche recognized that the basic tendency of modern life is directed towards the suppression of the individual, so that any attempt to illuminate the nature of autonomy must be profoundly difficult. . .Nietzsche's philosophy may be viewed as an attempt to provoke the autonomy of the individual, and. . .this is an attempt to recover the thought of individuality as such.84&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;White is half right here. Nietzsche is indeed inspired by an ideal of autonomy, but it is definitely not an ideal that he gained from Kant or any traditional Enlightenment source; rather it is a transformed ideal of autonomy that is profoundly different from what had come before. Kant's ethics and metaphysics both depend implicitly, after all, on a notion of human subjectivity that is fundamentally Cartesian. The rational, autonomous subject introduced by Descartes is essentially the same subject who makes free ethical choices in Kant's scheme; this is also the subject who makes the categorical imperative possible. Since Nietzsche rejects this principle of subjectivity, he cannot be using a Kantian idea of autonomy. White goes on to argue that "Kant and Nietzsche are. . .alike in emphasizing the priority of individual autonomy and in making it the basis of all value. . . .With both thinkers, the project of autonomy is not the recovery of an original but alienated self, but the 'fulfillment' of the individual as the production of his own higher nature."85 This may well be true, but White is still ignoring two things here: first, that Kant and Nietzsche have radically different ideas about what "individual autonomy" means, and second, that the "production of a higher nature" is something that will also have profoundly different meanings for the two thinkers. For Kant, individual autonomy is to be understood in rational, Enlightened, Cartesian terms. For Nietzsche it is something else. For Kant, the "higher nature" towards which mankind should aspire is that of rational, autonomous freedom and secularized Christian ethics; this is obviously not what Nietzsche has in mind at all. Clearly it is easy to start with the fact that both Nietzsche and Kant have very strong conceptions of subjectivity and from there make the very problematic assumption that these ideas coincide, when in fact, Kant's notions of subjectivity are of the traditional Enlightened sort that Nietzsche explicitly and repeatedly rejects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gerhard Gamm is quite right when he suggests that Kant represents the culmination of Enlightened ideas of subjectivity that originate with Descartes. He writes: "With Kant the Cartesian idea of the subject is clarified in the extreme, without its paradoxical structure. . . .The coming of subjectivity, which begins with Descartes, spreads itself in various ways through the rationalist and empirical traditions of Enlightened reason."86 The Kantian subject comes directly from the Cartesian subject, and therefore cannot be a part of any Nietzschean project. Patrick Madigan supports this interpretation of the Kantian subject as a descendent of the Cartesian; he writes: "The noumenal self has become a moral version of Descartes's 'Evil Genius,' a deeper and more profound reality which could be deceiving us in this most important area of my free intentions."87 For Nietzsche to retain a consistent position, then, he must attack the Kantian subject as vigorously as he does the Cartesian one, and indeed he does. As Gamm suggests, "Nietzsche's genealogy unmasks the metaphysical truth-picture of subjectivity as a moral strategy, through which the fictional identity of moral subjects becomes constituted."88 Kantian subjectivity is the moral form of Cartesian subjectivity; Kantian ethical subjects are therefore as fictitious, Nietzsche argues, as Cartesian rational subjects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The fundamental motivation behind Nietzsche's attack on Kantian subjectivity, and the reason for some of the confusion experienced by White and others is the fact that Kant and Nietzsche possess radically different understandings of autonomy. As Olivier Reboul writes, "the aristocratic man is autonomous: the term is from Nietzsche, but in an anti-Kantian sense. For Kant, man is autonomous because his reason poses itself as the law he must obey; for Nietzsche, the aristocratic man, and he alone, is free."89 This points, I think, to the fundamental differences between these two understandings of subjectivity and autonomy. Kant's autonomy is defined in terms of an ethical obedience to rational laws. Nietzsche's autonomy is beyond good and evil, defined not in terms of moral laws, but in terms of character and nobility. Reboul writes of "opposition between a creative will and an autonomous will. The autonomous will of Kant determines the universal, but remains restricted by the limits of reason. The creative will engenders the new...which transgresses reason itself."90&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche is entirely unsatisfied with the possibilities of Kant's autonomy. Instead, he posits a new, more creative kind of autonomy, one which will not have to answer to reason and which will therefore be able to achieve things that Kant's more restrictive autonomy would never allow. We should point out in passing here that it is only possible to call Kant's restrictive principle a principle of "autonomy" through Nietzschean irony. Jaspers also emphasizes the important distinctions between the Kantian and Nietzschean understandings of autonomy and freedom. He writes: "In the sense employed by the philosophy of Existenz, freedom, whether Christian or Kantian, exists in relation to transcendence. . . .Nietzsche rejects this freedom."91 Stated in these terms, it should hardly be surprising that Nietzsche would reject this notion of freedom, since of course he rejects Kantian transcendental metaphysics. As Nietzsche puts it himself, "Kant considered the hypothesis of 'intelligible freedom' necessary in order to acquit the ens perfectum of responsibility for the world's being such-and-such--in short, to account for evil and ills: a scandalous bit of logic for a philosopher."92 By rejecting Kant's "intelligible freedom," Nietzsche implicitly rejects his entire ethical position. In the Genealogy, Nietzsche asserts that "the ripest fruit is the sovereign individual, like only to himself, liberated again from morality of custom, autonomous and supramoral (for 'autonomous' and 'moral' are mutually exclusive)."93 A careless reading of this passage could result in an interpretation of Nietzsche as a thinker who accepts the Kantian-Cartesian-Enlightened subject position; after all, phrases like "sovereign individual" smack of Enlightened thought. However, Nietzsche's parenthetical remarks are essential here: by explicitly disassociating what he means by "autonomous" from the Kantian-moral understanding of the term, Nietzsche is insisting that his concept of autonomy is fundamentally different. Nietzsche's project towards autonomy is not the Kantian moral project, nor is it any other kind of traditional Enlightened project.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We have, then, three examples of the Nietzschean critique of the traditional Enlightenment. Taken together, Nietzsche's attacks on the thought of Descartes, Rousseau and Kant constitute a broad, far-reaching critique of the foundations of Enlightened thought. Nietzsche's critique of Descartes undermines the foundations of modern rationality and science and, even more importantly, challenges the concept of subjectivity upon which virtually all modern, Enlightened thought is based. The Nietzschean critique of the Cartesian subject renders deeply problematic any attempt to retain Enlightened categories of thought, at least in their conventional forms. This critique then forms the basis for a critique of Enlightened political forms, particularly those which Nietzsche associates with Rousseau and the French Revolution. Finally, Nietzsche offers a critique of the moral scheme of this Enlightened Cartesian subject, demonstrating the real problems that exist when we speak of this subject's moral freedom, as Kant does. For Nietzsche, Kant's only real option is to smuggle Christianity back into the Enlightenment, and this move conclusively proves for Nietzsche the bankruptcy of conventional Enlightened thought.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We might read Nietzsche, then, as offering a devastating and debilitating--but relatively straightforward--critique of Enlightened thought. As we have already begun to see, however, his critique of Enlightenment is much more complex than this. Nietzsche attacks Cartesian science, for example, but not science in general; he insists on retaining a different kind of science, a gay science. This suggests that there may be ways in which Nietzsche's thought is not a simple attack on the Enlightenment. Indeed, as I shall argue shortly, there are a number of ways in which Nietzsche seems to argue deliberately and aggressively in favor of a certain kind of Enlightenment. In order to understand his critique fully, then, it will be necessary to examine the ways in which Nietzsche's thought explicitly or implicitly retains Enlightened ideas. We can thus attempt to arrive at some kind of reconciliation between these traces of Enlightenment in his work and the obvious hostility he bears towards Enlightened thought in its traditional form.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Laurence Lampert argues that in some places--for example, in his discussion of the Reformation--Nietzsche seems quite friendly towards the Enlightenment. Lampert writes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other features of the post-Reformation spirit are more ambiguous: the mobility and restlessness of the spirit, its thirst for independence, its faith in a right to freedom, its 'naturalness.' This is a list of the very features emphasized by advocates of modernity as liberation and enlightenment--and Nietzsche praises them in later sections [of the Gay Science]. Nietzsche is no enemy of Enlightenment: as Georg Picht argues, he wants to deepen and broaden the European Enlightenment "and force it to take the next step. . .to enlightenment about the Enlightenment itself."94&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lampert's position is similar to the one I wish to take. I would, however, make several modifications. I want to argue that Nietzsche is an enemy of a particular brand of Enlightened thought, namely that of the traditional Enlightenment as embodied in the works of thinkers such as Descartes, Rousseau and Kant. Nietzsche is also opposed to the varieties of nineteenth century Enlightened thought that build upon these foundations, as I shall show in later chapters. However, I think that Lampert is quite right when he suggests that Nietzsche wishes to create some kind of modified or transformed Enlightenment. Nietzsche attacks the conventional Enlightenment without hesitation, but he does so in the name of a project that is, in its goals and in many of its methods, fundamentally Enlightened. This interpretation offers, I think, a way of understanding certain passages in Nietzsche's thought that might otherwise seem inexplicable. In Human, All Too Human, for example, he writes: "The Italian Renaissance contained within it all the positive forces to which we owe modern culture: liberation of thought, disrespect for authorities, victory of education over the arrogance of ancestry, enthusiasm for science and the scientific past of mankind, unfettering of the individual, a passion for truthfulness and an aversion to appearance and mere effect."95 Many of these characteristics--free thought, science, political liberation--are clearly Enlightened categories. One might, of course, dismiss this apparent enthusiasm for Enlightened thought as a youthful aberration on Nietzsche's part, but this is an unsatisfying explanation. Human, all too Human is in many ways quite a mature book, and it contains many of the elements of Nietzsche's later thought. If, however, we understand Nietzsche's opposition to the traditional, conventional Enlightenment of Descartes, Rousseau and Kant in the context of his support for a modified, expanded notion of Enlightenment, this passage becomes much more understandable. Nietzsche can now be read as advocating a kind of Enlightenment, but not any kind hitherto known. This would also explain why he might choose to cite the Italian Renaissance when describing Enlightened categories, for this implies that there are intellectual traditions other than the seventeenth and eighteenth century Enlightenment which make available to us the kind of Enlightened concepts that Nietzsche wishes to retain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What, then, are the parts of Enlightened thought that Nietzsche wishes to hold onto? Patrick Madigan argues that one of the most important of these is the Enlightenment's commitment to freedom. He writes: "firmly committed to the Enlightenment's drive toward uplift and freedom, and yet sensing imminent disaster, Nietzsche responds by hurling himself into this strategy to use rigor to produce intensity, and commits himself to exploring this strategy's ultimate possibility."96 This agrees with what I have been arguing: Madigan suggests that Nietzsche wishes to retain the Enlightenment's goal of freedom, yet realizes that the methodʢy which the Enlightenment seeks such freedom--based as it is in the problematic Cartesian subject--is doomed to failure. Nietzsche thus undertakes a radical new attempt to resurrect the possibilities of freedom that traditional Enlightened thought creates but fails to realize. Madigan goes on to suggest that "as an Enlightenment thinker who is dismayed by the low level of culture in his own time, Nietzsche becomes a staunch champion of freedom and is determined to discover one incontestable method that will demonstrate freedom real. . . .That is the only possible way the Enlightenment project could end or truly come to rest."97 Nietzsche was well aware, then, of the real and extreme limitations of traditional Enlightened freedom as it was articulated by Descartes, Rousseau and Kant, and their nineteenth century heirs. Against this he offered a transformed Enlightened freedom the details of which I shall explore in Chapter Five.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The commitment to progress is another Enlightenment category which Nietzsche retains. As we have seen, he was definitely opposed to ideas of progress based on conventional Enlightened concepts such as those of Cartesian science or Rousseauian political development. Yet this does not by any means indicate that Nietzsche has no concept of progress. As Lars-Henrik Schmidt argues, "Nietzsche is thus reactionary in a very specific sense. He resists the ruling form and norm for progress. Yet he does not want to stop the process; on the contrary, this homogenization process is a prerequisite for a new type of difference, for a new type altogether."98 Again, this is precisely my position: Nietzsche is hostile to the conventional idea of Enlightened progress, yet he retains his own concept of progress. Just as a Marxist may despise capitalism for what it does to the worker, yet still recognize the necessity of capitalism to prepare the way for socialism, so Nietzsche can decry the devastating effects which Enlightened "progress" has on modern culture, while nonetheless recognizing the absolute necessity of this "progress" in paving the way for something new, a true progress.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The conventional Enlightened progress that Nietzsche despises is thus made to serve a different kind of progress, a Nietzschean progress. We can see how this works by comparing several statements about progress which Nietzsche makes in various works. In the Antichrist, for example, he writes: "mankind does not represent a development toward something better or stronger or higher in the sense accepted today. 'Progress' is merely a modern idea, that is, a false idea. The European of today is vastly inferior in value to the European of the Renaissance: further development is altogether not according to any necessity in the direction of elevation, enhancement, or strength."99 The critique of progress is clear here, and it is equally clear that by progress Nietzsche understands modern, Enlightened progress, the kind of progress which has produced the decadent European "last man." In the Gay Science, Nietzsche offers an even more precise description of the kind of progress he means to criticize:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whoever is superstitious is always, compared with the religious human being, much more of a person; and a superstitious society is one in which there are many individuals and much delight in individuality. In this perspective, superstition always appears as progress and as a sign that the intellect is becoming more independent and demands its rights. Those who then complain of corruption are the adherents of the old religion and religiosity, and they have also determined linguistic usage hitherto and given superstition a bad name among the freest spirits. Let us realize that it is actually a symptom of enlightenment.100&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The association of progress with superstition here suggests a critique of progress. However, the positive way in which Nietzsche speaks of progress in terms of intellectual freedom suggests a more ambiguous attitude towards progress. And in a somewhat surprising move at the end of the passage, Nietzsche suggests that it is actually enlightenment which challenges progress. I wish to suggest that we should read this as a claim that enlightenment challenges "true" progress; in other words, that it creates a destructive, unreachable idea of progress which is opposed to the kind of progress Nietzsche wants to advocate, but which is nonetheless ironically necessary before that true progress can be realized. As Nietzsche writes, "Europe is sick but owes the utmost gratitude to her incurability and to the eternal changes in her affliction: these constantly new conditions and these no less constantly new dangers, pains and media of information have finally generated an intellectual irritability that almost amounts to genius and is in any case the mother of all genius."101 This, then, is the nature of Nietzsche's fundamentally ambiguous relationship with the idea of progress: while he despises conventional Enlightened progress as the source of European "sickness," he simultaneously acknowledges that this "sickness" will lead to a new kind of progress, a "true progress."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The final component of Nietzsche's resurrection of the conventional Enlightenment is in the field of morality and ethics. As Kittman writes, "according to Nietzsche's idea, one achieves a new morality by listening to the voice of one's healthy body. . . .Nietzsche demands a morality of transactions, and this is for him only possible, if the urges and feelings are given priority in the regulation of morality."102 Kittman is adopting the kind of physical interpretation of Nietzsche's thought that I argued for in my discussion of Heidegger above. Here Kittman is arguing that this philosophy of the body has a definite moral component, though obviously this a very different kind of morality from that found, for example, in Kant. However, it is a morality nonetheless. Indeed, as Gilles Deleuze suggests, aspects of Nietzschean thought such as the eternal return provide an ethical position as strong as Kant's. Deleuze writes: "[the eternal return] gives the will a practical rule. The eternal return gives the will a rule as rigorous as the Kantian one. . . .As an ethical thought the eternal return is the new formulation of the practical synthesis: whatever you will, will it in such a way that you also will its eternal return."103 The phrase which Deleuze puts in italics here is obviously meant to echo Kant's formulation of the categorical imperative, and Deleuze has a valid point when he argues that the eternal return can easily be read as an ethical principle. After all, it offers a concrete means of evaluating actions and choosing between them. Deleuze goes so far as to argue that Nietzsche's ethics represent an inverted Kantianism:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Kant, critique was not able to discover the truly active instance which would have been capable of carrying it through. It is exhausted by compromise: it never makes us overcome the reactive forces which are expressed in man, self-consciousness, reason, morality and religion. It even has the opposite effect--it turns these forces into something a little more 'our own.' Finally, Nietzsche's relation to Kant is like Marx's to Hegel: Nietzsche stands critique on its feet, just as Marx does with the dialectic.104&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This may be overstating the case somewhat. I would suggest rather that although Nietzsche does clearly posses a morality, that morality is something radically different from Kant's. Indeed, I feel that Nietzsche's critique of Kant's Enlightened morality is motivated by a desire to clear the way for Nietzsche's expanded, transformed morality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Morality is thus another area in which Nietzsche attacks conventional Enlightenment thought, but for the purpose of making possible a new kind of Enlightenment. This is what Karl Jaspers refers to as "The derivation of the critique of morality from the highest morality. That Nietzsche's radical rejection of morality is itself a consequence of his moral involvement is consciously asserted in the following circle: Moral development is bound to have the result that the truthfulness demanded by morality finally calls in question the very morality in which it is rooted; morality becomes suspect for purely moral reasons."105 On this interpretation, Nietzsche's understanding of morality is as ambiguous as his notion of progress: he critiques conventional Enlightened, Kantian morality, but from the perspective of a moral position which is still in many ways Enlightened. Indeed, in places, Nietzsche even speaks enigmatically of his own project as something like what Kant was doing; he writes in the Genealogy of the "new immoral, or at least unmoralistic 'a priori' and the alas! so Kantian, enigmatic 'categorical imperative'. . .to which I have since listened more and more closely, and not merely listened."106 This recalls the Deleuzian position I mentioned above, but I would like to suggest here that this "inverted Kantianism," if we wish to call it that, serves only as a beginning--the Genealogy is perhaps the most critical of Nietzsche's books--and is certainly not the end of Nietzsche's moral project. It is rather the means by which he clears away the dross of Enlightened ethics to make possible his new moral position.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heidegger writes that "because Nietzsche's fundamental metaphysical position is the end of metaphysics in the designated sense, it performs the grandest and most profound gathering--that is, accomplishment--of all the essential fundamental positions in Western philosophy since Plato and in the light of Platonism."107 This is an extremely radical claim which Heidegger spends nearly a thousand pages trying to substantiate. A consideration of such a claim is beyond the scope of this dissertation. However, I am prepared to conclude that Nietzsche's thought represents the culmination of at least one major aspect of Western thought since Plato, namely the Enlightenment. In a very revealing note from the Will to Power, Nietzsche claims that he is "a few centuries ahead in Enlightenment not only of Voltaire but even of Galiani, who was far profounder."108 The nature of Nietzsche's transformed, revitalized Enlightenment project will be made clear in Chapter Five. But hopefully it is already clear, at least in part, what Nietzsche's brand of Enlightenment is not: it is not the conventional Enlightenment of Cartesian subjects engaged in Rousseauian politics or Kantian ethics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter Three: Nietzsche's Critique of Nineteenth Century Political Enlightenment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche's critique of Enlightened politics may have begun with Rousseau, but it did not end there. Rather, that critique flowed seamlessly into the nineteenth century. Nietzsche saw his own century as the age of Enlightened politics achieved; for him all the problems inherent in the traditional Enlightenment's concepts of freedom and individualism had become institutionalized in the political ideologies of the nineteenth century. His attacks on the various forms of nineteenth century politics may thus legitimately be read as extensions of his attacks on the political ideas of the conventional Enlightenment. In particular, Nietzsche objected to any politics that relied upon a Cartesian notion of the rational, autonomous subject--as indeed every nineteenth century political form did, to some extent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche described himself as the "last anti-political German," a dedicated opponent of all modern politics, a thinker more concerned with the inner workings of the mind and soul than with the banalities of modern government. It is here that his opposition to the political thought of the Enlightenment is most clear. For Nietzsche, modern politics was inevitably the child of the conventional Enlightenment. To be political in the modern world, then, was to perpetuate the Enlightenment tradition of which he was so critical. Yet Nietzsche was also the proponent of "great politics," a mysterious and sometimes terrifying program designed to replace modern, Enlightened political systems with something superior. And just as his critique of the seventeenth and eighteenth century Enlightenment remained dramatically incomplete, so there remained important limitations to his attack on the Enlightened politics of the nineteenth century. Specifically, although Nietzsche constructed a thorough and compelling critique of nineteenth century political forms and of the rational, autonomous Enlightened subject which stood as a necessary precondition to those forms, he made this critique in the name of a new politics which remained very much in the spirit of the Enlightenment. Nietzsche's pursuit of a new political subjectivity, which reached its apex with the politics of the Overman, constituted a project which was quite similar in form, if not in content, to the project of the Enlightenment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche diligently opposed every political system and ideology available to the late nineteenth century European, since he believed all of these systems to be the intellectual offspring of the deeply flawed Enlightenment tradition. He began his attack with a general critique of the state in its modern form, and went on to dissect all particular manifestations of nineteenth century statism, attacking in turn liberalism, socialism, and nationalism. His critique of the political philosophy of his century was perhaps most clearly articulated in his attack on the liberalism of John Stuart Mill. And lest his critique be mistaken for that of a conventional opponent of the state, Nietzsche also made it quite clear that he was no anarchist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche was not content, however, to stop with critiques of the forms of nineteenth century politics. Rather, he developed these critiques as part of a much broader and more far-reaching attack on the autonomous, unified Enlightenment subject that made such political systems possible. Through his attacks on free will as an "error," and on the subject as a historically contingent construct which serves a psychological need but enjoys no status as something metaphysically "true," Nietzsche made clear the depth of his breach with conventional, Enlightened philosophy and politics. The very subject of modern political thought and discourse, the "we" who "hold these truths to be self-evident," the "man and citizen" whose rights were declared in the French Revolution, was atomized by Nietzsche's withering rhetorical fury.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The final point we must remember, however, is that Nietzsche did not carry out this devastating critical project in the name of endless critique. Rather, he made this radical attack on all known political forms and on the idea of the actor who practices those forms for the purpose of making room for a profoundly new politics, and a new kind of political subject. This is the limit of Nietzsche's attack on the Enlightened politics of the nineteenth century. By retaining the idea that there could be a kind of political agent, and that this agent could and should engage in political action, Nietzsche tied himself inextricably to the Enlightenment tradition which he so vehemently attacked. His new political subject, the nature of which I shall make clear in Chapter Five below, had little in common with the rational individual postulated by Descartes and given political form by Rousseau. But the mere fact that Nietzsche retained an idea of political subjectivity at all, and that he was deeply concerned with the freedom of his new political actor, ensured that his thought would retain profound sympathies with the political project of the Enlightenment. Nietzsche remained a captive of that tradition even as he tried to elude it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Nietzsche, modern politics--and we must emphasize here that he meant modern politics in general, and not any specific theory or form of state--was one of the key symptoms of cultural decadence in the West. "All our political theories and constitutions--and the 'German Reich' is by no means an exception--are consequences, necessary consequences, of decline. . ."1 Immediately, then, we are confronted with this problem: if Nietzsche had anything to say about politics, it may have been the single, final statement that one should say nothing about politics. Politics seems to represent for Nietzsche a symptom of the sickness that was consuming nineteenth century European society, namely the sickness of the Enlightenment. For him, it seems, the only obvious solution to this problem was to abandon politics entirely and become "antipolitical."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tracy Strong supports this reading of Nietzsche. He writes: "There is simply for Nietzsche no coherent way to talk about politics of his day because--in genealogical perspective--the politics tend to be incoherent."2 On this reading, Nietzsche was merely being prudent in adopting an apolitical or antipolitical stance. In Strong's view, if one had to choose between complacent English liberalism, virulent Bismarckian nationalism, or French Third Republic decadence and apathy, one had no choice at all. The only option was to remove oneself from the political world. Robert Eden frames Nietzsche's antipolitical stance in terms of a kind of individualism: "Nietzsche was an individualist who turned his back on the politics of modern states. . . .To make him political and to treat him as a political theorist or activist, therefore, seems to do violence to his antipolitical individualism."3 In a similar vein, Leslie Thiele believes that Nietzsche "attempted to sublimate politics, to internalize political struggle within a pluralistic self. . . .Nietzsche believed that the role of the individual in politics should be subservient to the role of politics within the individual."4 These commentators are right to suggest that Nietzsche's retention of a principle of political subjectivity makes it impossible to dismiss him as simply "antipolitical." However, what Thiele and others sometimes fail to acknowledge is that the kind of "individualism" Nietzsche advocated was profoundly different in content from the rational individualism of the Enlightenment, and from the nineteenth century political individualism that grew out of that Enlightened tradition. Indeed, any use of the word "individual" in a discussion of nineteenth century politics will inevitably contain implications of liberalism, and as I shall argue below, any suggestion that Nietzsche is a kind of liberal is profoundly mistaken.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One final way of dealing with Nietzsche's "antipolitical" stance is offered by Simone Goyard-Fabre, who claims that "there is no 'Nietzschean politics', because 'great politics' will never provide a doctrine. . .because it is never thought of in terms of ideology, but essentially in metaphysical terms."5 That is to say that ironically, Nietzsche uses the phrase "great politics" to describe a system which in fact does not and cannot produce any specific political goals or actions. I believe that Goyard-Fabre is right to suggest that Nietzsche's philosophy was antipolitical in the sense that it provided none of the conventional trappings of a practical political ideology; there is, for example, no description in Nietzsche's writings of how the state should be organized, or of what the rights and obligations of the citizen should be. The reason for this is that any such practical political system relies upon an idea of political subjectivity which Nietzsche explicitly rejects. For Nietzsche to provide an explicit political doctrine would be absurd because it would lend credence to the autonomous Cartesian subject that Nietzsche was trying to subvert through a dramatic revision of our categories of selfhood. This does not, of course, mean that Nietzsche was not political in the broader sense of one who is concerned with questions of how humans should construct their societies. But his redefinition of human subjectivity was a first step that must be taken before these larger political questions could be addressed. His antipolitical stance should be understood, then, as an opposition to politics in their modern, Enlightened form, but not to the possibilities of political thought in general.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is possible, then, to see Nietzsche not as an antipolitical thinker, but as one who was busily redefining the categories that made politics possible, and attempting to create a new political subject for whom none of the extant political forms would be appropriate. Gilles Deleuze offers one final possible explanation for Nietzsche's "antipolitical" nature, and it is a radical one. Deleuze writes: "the revolutionary character of Nietzsche's method becomes apparent at the level of method: it is his method that makes Nietzsche's text into something that is not to be characterized in itself as 'fascist,' 'bourgeois,' or 'revolutionary,' but to be regarded as an exterior field where fascist, bourgeois, and revolutionary forces meet head on."6 Here Deleuze makes a claim similar in some ways to my reading of Goyard-Fabre above: that Nietzsche's "antipolitical" stance was really nothing of the sort, but should rather be understood as an attempt to transcend modern politics. Rather than being antipolitical, Nietzsche emerges on this reading as the embodiment of a new kind of politics. Deleuze suggests that Nietzsche's "antipolitics" hides something much more complex than a simple abandonment of political thought and activity. As we shall see, however, Nietzsche's metapolitical thought should not be understood as a value-free "exterior field;" rather, his elimination of modern politics was designed to make possible a new political system of a particular sort, a politics comprised of a new subjectivity and a new kind of political freedom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche's attack on nineteenth century political forms begins with a critique of the state. In many places, ironically, this critique seems to take the form of an Enlightened commentary. This is especially true in his earlier works, particularly Human, All Too Human, which was dedicated to Voltaire and which contains much that is sympathetic to the impulses against tyranny that characterized the Enlightenment. Nietzsche writes: "the state is a prudent institution for the protection of individuals against one another: if it is completed and perfected too far it will in the end enfeeble the individual and, indeed, dissolve him--that is to say, thwart the original purpose of the state in the most thorough way possible."7 This is one of the many places where Nietzsche's debt to the Enlightenment is clear. Nietzsche is obviously interested in preserving and protecting a kind of political agency here, and at this early stage in his writing, that agency looks very much like the kind of individual political agency favored by the thinkers of the conventional Enlightenment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche soon lost this identification with the individualistic form of Enlightened politics, though his interest in preserving political agency remained quite strong. By way of a brief example, let us consider this passage from the Genealogy of Morals: "that will to self-tormenting, that repressed cruelty of the animal-man made inward and scared back into himself, the creature imprisoned in the 'state' so as to be tamed. . ."8 Here Nietzsche's critique is broader; it is aimed not against tyrannical states which have forgotten their duty to individuals, but rather against states in general. Nietzsche is no longer using the language of Enlightened individualism to attack states here, but he is still clearly opposed to the ways in which the state "tames" people; that is, he is denouncing the state as that institution which takes away political agency. His sympathies with the Enlightenment tradition have become more subtle, but they remain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eden argues that Nietzsche "abandons the modern state and liberal institutions as methods of reconciling individuality to the requirements of a common order. But he pursues a politics to accomplish a similar purpose, releasing the fullest powers of the individual while chaining him up to a comprehensive order."9 Eden is right here to suggest that in some ways Nietzsche's project was designed to accomplish a "similar purpose" to that of the modern, Enlightened state. However, it is misleading to argue that this purpose involves "releasing the fullest powers of the individual," since as I have been arguing, the affinities between Nietzsche's politics and the politics of the Enlightenment exist only in the broad sense that both seek to develop political agency. Nietzsche was not interested in promoting the rational, autonomous self that is central to Enlightened politics; indeed, he found this subject to be entirely unviable, as I shall argue below.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche believed that, contrary to its claims, the modern, post-Enlightenment state produced nothing more than the politics of the herd. As Karl Jaspers writes, "so far as its origin and its abiding reality is concerned, the state in Nietzsche's opinion is a destructive, assimilating power that enslaves the mass of humanity."10 Indeed the state has a double effect here, in that by enslaving the masses it is ironically at the same creating humanity as a mass, rather than promoting the radical new kind of political agency that Nietzsche favored. Jaspers notes that Nietzsche "rejects the state as the ruin of man when it functions as a solidifying force in favor of mass and mediocrity and when it is no longer concerned about the unique and unmatched but only about the replaceable 'superfluous ones.'"11 In Nietzsche's model, then, the state acts structurally in favor of the masses, and against the kind of agency that was the motivating force behind Nietzsche's politics and the true goal of his "antipolitical" stance. The state's betrayal of true political agency was, in Nietzsche's view, sufficient cause to condemn it. As Walter Kaufmann puts it, "the State becomes the devil of Nietzsche's ethics: it intimidates man into conformity and thus tempts and coerces him to betray his proper destiny."12 What the shape of that destiny is we shall see shortly; for now let us simply conclude that Nietzsche rejected the state as the temple of Enlightened, modern mass mediocrity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;***&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to a general critique of the state, Nietzsche offered detailed criticisms of the specific ideologies and forms of government that existed in the late nineteenth century. Foremost among these ideologies was perhaps liberalism, and it bore the brunt of Nietzsche's attack. He inveighed against particular aspects of liberal democratic politics, such as parties: "the demagogic character and the intention to appeal to the masses is at present common to all political parties."13 He raised objections to the electoral system, claiming that "if whenever the occasion for using the vote arises hardly two-thirds of those entitled to vote, perhaps indeed not even a majority of them, come to the ballot-box, this is a vote against the entire voting-system as such."14 Nietzsche also made a criticism of sorts against the very style of democratic society, even beyond his objections to its concrete political content. Thus he rallied against "the levelers--these falsely so-called 'free spirits'--being eloquent and prolifically scribbling slaves of the democratic taste and its 'modern ideas'.ʮʮ"15 Finally, Nietzsche offered a critique of one of the most basic institutions of democratic society, which J?rgen Habermas would later call the "public sphere." Nietzsche writes in the first of his Untimely Meditations: "when, for example, [the philistine] refers to historical studies by means of which we assist our understanding of the political situation, what can he be referring to but newspaper-reading, and when he speaks of our lively participation in the construction of the German state, what can he mean but our daily visits to the public house?"16 Here Nietzsche is formulating a critique in the broadest terms against the very ethos of democratic society, against the social and cultural institutions that make liberal democracy possible. Like many of Nietzsche's critiques, it takes the form of a cultural critique: what was wrong with the public sphere was that it represented modern decadence; it was the sphere of the philistine. And if the public sphere was decadent, liberal democracy must be decadent as well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the defining characteristics of liberalism in the nineteenth century was its emphasis on "rights," and here Nietzsche found further grounds to attack the democratic tradition. Against the claims of liberals that they act to defend the rights and interests of individuals, Nietzsche claimed that in fact the reverse was true: democracy acted to protect the rights of the majority; that is, of the mass or herd. Thus he writes in the Genealogy of Morals of "the mendacious slogan of ressentiment, 'supreme rights of the majority'" and opposes to this a "rapturous counterslogan 'supreme rights of the few'!"17 There could be no reconciliation, Nietzsche felt, between the rights of the few and those of the many, and one of the fundamental problems of democracy was that it insisted on maintaining and defending the latter. In a very revealing passage from Twilight of the Idols, for example, he writes: "the human being who has become free --and how much more the spirit who has become free--spits on the contemptible type of well-being dreamed of by shopkeepers, Christians, cows, females, Englishmen, and other democrats. The free man is a warrior."18 Nietzsche is clearly defining democracy as the ideology of the herd in both a literal sense ("cows") and a figurative sense ("shopkeepers," Nietzsche's perjorative term for English mass society). For Nietzsche, democracy is nothing more than the political language of the herd; as such it is to be roundly condemned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Similar concerns motivated Nietzsche's critique of the democratic principle of equality. "The doctrine of equality! There is no more poisonous poison anywhere: for it seems to be preached by justice itself, whereas it really is the termination of justice."19 It is crucial to note here that Nietzsche did not oppose equality outright but merely its modern, democratic, Enlightened form. Equality is another idea whose basic core Nietzsche retained while condemning the way that the idea had manifested itself in political thought since the Enlightenment. As Mark Warren quite rightly notes,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche did not oppose equality on principle but rather because he viewed its modern form as an ideology devoid of content. All too often, in Nietzsche's view, the ideal of equality expressed a mutual envy of, and a revenge against, individual personalities. Moreover, notes from Nietzsche's middle period suggest that he did not believe--at least in principle--that equality is necessarily anti-individualistic. Indeed, culture under the right circumstances might serve to mediate power in ways that a community of equals could serve as a means to organizing individual power as agency.20&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Equality, then, was not necessarily a problem for Nietzsche in and of itself. But when it was made to serve the interests of the herd, it quickly became transformed from a liberating force to one of domination and repression. Nietzsche's attack on this aspect of nineteenth century liberalism is reminiscent of his critique of Rousseau's idea of the general will as I described it in Chapter Two. Both critiques are motivated by the belief that these Enlightened ideologies, although they claim to be providing a beneficent egalitarianism, actually produce a very dangerous mass politics. Thus although Nietzsche did not object to equality in an abstract sense, he objected very strongly indeed to any political belief system which promoted the herd-based politics of the Enlightenment. And for him, nineteenth century liberalism was clearly one such system; indeed, it was perhaps the strongest of those systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tracy Strong argues that Nietzsche's attack on egalitarianism is related to his critique of liberal individualism. Strong writes: "for everyone to become equal means to Nietzsche for everyone to become individualistically oriented toward his private gains, and thus in the totality of his being to be equally subject to the realm of necessity. Both of these are incompatible with the root of the agonistic prerequisite for culture and politics."21 Here Strong is arguing quite rightly that Nietzsche was opposed to the kind of leveling, liberal individuality that atomizes society into alienated, presumably capitalist, pockets of subjectivity. What Strong fails to see is that Nietzsche retained a kind of subjectivity apart from this liberal individualism. Nietzsche's critique was aimed at the subject of liberal society, but not at subjectivity or selfhood in general. As I shall argue in Chapter Five, this is one of the most important ways in which Nietzsche remained a child of the Enlightenment. He raised a dramatic critique of the subject of liberal politics, since that subject depended on what was for Nietzsche the impossibly rational, autonomous subject of the Enlightenment. But he raised this critique in order to make possible the development of a new kind of subjectivity, that of the Overman. And in this sense, his project remained true to the spirit, if not to the objective content, of the Enlightenment. As Leslie Thiele notes, "Nietzsche distinguishes his individualism from what might be called democratic individualism.. . .Nietzsche holds the individual to be unrepresentable and incapable of representing others. . .Nietzsche's individualism thus shows itself to be both undemocratic and apolitical."22 Again, Thiele's use of the word "individualism" is problematic here, since this term almost inevitably evokes images of the Enlightened, liberal individual. Yet Thiele's basic point is quite sound. Nietzsche's critique of the nineteenth century Enlightenment's project to create democratic individuals was not a critique of the Enlightenment's general project to create viable subjects. The latter is a project which Nietzsche enthusiastically pursued, and this places him, ironically, in the camp of the same Enlightened tradition he wished to criticize.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche saw the democratic tradition as the child of the resentful, vengeful morality that he hated most, the Christian. Thus he wrote in Beyond Good and Evil: "Morality in Europe today is herd animal morality. . . we have reached the point where we find even in political and social institutions an ever more visible expression of this morality: the democratic movement is the heir of the Christian movement."23 Again we see here the criticism of democracy as the movement of the herd; this time the critique is stated in moral terms. "The democratic idiosyncrasy which opposes everything that dominates and wants to dominate.ʮʮhas permeated the realm of the spirit and disguised itself in the most spiritual forms to such a degree that today it has forced its way, has acquired the right to force its way into the strictest, apparently most objective sciences. . .to the detriment of life, as goes without saying."24 Thus democracy is not only politically dangerous for Nietzsche; it also represents a profound spiritual threat. Nietzsche feels that democracy creates a decadent spiritual condition which will make his attempts to create a new kind of political agency extremely difficult. As Eden puts it, "for Nietzsche, decadence is a term of criticism directed against policies towards decay. . . 'Decadent' is a plausible accusation against modern liberal politics because the ideal of liberalism is humanitarian."25 Again, Nietzsche is trying here to discover what lies behind the facade of nineteenth century liberalism. That ideology claims to promote the best interests of humanity, but Nietzsche would have us believe that nothing could be further from the truth. In his model, liberalism and democracy perpetuate a decadence which makes the development of meaningful human agency extremely difficult.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Irmgard Leinen notes that the negation of bourgeois and liberal thought stands at the center of Nietzsche's writing.26 We have focused mainly on the political level of Nietzsche's attack on liberalism; however, his critique has a strong social component as well. Leinen goes so far as to claim that "Nietzsche's work stands at the beginning of the crisis of bourgeois self-consciousness," and this is not far from the mark.27 Part of Nietzsche's critique of liberal democracy is his attack on the social context of that ideology, namely bourgeois society. Karl Jaspers suggests that it was in fact Nietzsche's opposition to this liberal/bourgeois ethos that lead him to adopt his sometimes misleading "antipolitical" stance: "Nietzsche calls himself the 'last anti-political German' to contrast his own political position with that of the world around him which, after the success of 1870-71, submitted in bourgeois self-satisfaction to the politics of the day."28&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, we should be wary of facile connections between liberal democracy and bourgeois society in Germany. David Blackbourn and Geoff Eley have argued that "without the stimulus of a popular movement that was strong enough to shift bourgeois notables to the left, the constitutionalist movements of the last century were unlikely to embrace a significant element of democracy."29 There is no reason to suppose that liberalism was bourgeois in Germany, or that the bourgeoisie were liberal. However, there was a society in nineteenth century Europe which seemed, at least, to represent the liberal bourgeois society. That was Great Britain, the "nation of shopkeepers" that Nietzsche denounced so regularly and with such vehemence. In England, the ideology of liberalism was institutionalized in a way that it never was in Germany. For an example of Nietzsche's attack on nineteenth century liberalism, we should therefore look to an English figure, and Nietzsche provides this example in his critique of John Stuart Mill. One of the founding figures of modern liberalism, and a thinker who operates very clearly within the intellectual framework of the Enlightenment, Mill earns Nietzsche's wrath as a proponent of liberal progress and an ideologue of the politics of the Enlightened Cartesian subject.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nietzsche's critique of Mill's liberalism is intimately tied up, however, with an attack on Mill's utilitarianism. As I argued in Chapter One, Mill's thought represents the attempt to retain what he saw as the possible benefits of utilitarianism while simultaneously accounting for the needs of the autonomous Enlightenment subject by developing a philosophy of liberalism. If anything, this attempt at a reconciliation between utilitarian thought and liberalism earns Mill an even greater share of Nietzsche's wrath. Mill emerges as a thinker who advocates not just one but two Enlightened political positions. The essential thing to recall here is that both utilitarianism, with its emphasis on the happiness of individual subjects, and liberalism, which attempts to promote the freedom of those subjects, rely on a principle of Enlightened subjectivity which Nietzsche explicitly rejects. Nietzsche is thus able to use Mill as a symbol of many of the manifestations of Enlightenment that he hates most: utilitarianism, political liberalism, and all things English.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Utilitarianism is, for Nietzsche, an impractical philosophy. He writes in the Will to Power: "the value of an action must be judged by its consequences--say the Utilitarians--: to judge it by its origins implies an impossibility, namely that of knowing its origins. But does one know its consequences? For five steps ahead, perhaps. Who can say what an action will stimulate, excite, provoke? As a stimulus? Perhaps as a spark to touch off an explosion?--The Utilitarians are naive--"30 Part of the problem with utilitarianism as Nietzsche sees it is that it relies on invalid assumptions. Specifically, utilitarian theory supposes that the consequences of actions--and hence their utility--can be determined and measured. This implies a firm belief in the powers of rational, Enlightened science to measure and catalog the world, and as we have already seen, Nietzsche finds this belief to be deeply flawed. Because of these problems, Nietzsche believes that it is impossible for utilitarianism to be made into a practical political program. "What 'useful' means is entirely dependent upon the intention, the wherefore? The intention, the 'goal,' is again entirely dependent on the degree of power. Therefore utilitarianism is not a foundation but only a theory of consequences, and absolutely cannot be made obligatory for everyone."31 Nietzsche is convinced that utilitarianism is based on an unrealistic interpretation of the world; it therefore cannot produce the kind of ideal society it claims to promote. "Whether it is hedonism or pessimism, utilitarianism or eudaemonism--all these ways of thinking that measure the value of things according to pleasure and pain, which are mere epiphenomena and wholly secondary, are ways of thinking that stay in the foreground and na?veties on which everyone conscious of creative powers and an artistic conscience will look down not without derision, nor without pity."32 In Nietzsche's mind, utility theory is based on the deeply flawed scientific ideas of the Enlightenment; it therefore cannot be valid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If utilitarianism were merely impractical or wrong, we may suppose that Nietzsche would not devote much time to refuting it. However, he believes that the problems of utilitarian theory go much deeper than this: utilitarianism is, for him, a profoundly dangerous theory. He writes in Beyond Good and Evil: "as long as the utility reigning in moral value judgments is solely the utility of the herd, as long as one considers only the preservation of the community, and immorality is sought exactly and exclusively in that which seems dangerous to the existence of the community--there can be no morality of 'neighbor love.'"33 Here we see Nietzsche sounding a familiar theme: utility theory is dangerous because it serves the interests of the herd. Against this philosophy of the herd, Nietzsche makes an appeal to the more noble thought of the ancient Greeks. He writes in Daybreak: "No utilitarians.--'Power which is attacked and defamed is worth more than impotence which is treated only with kindness'--that is how the Greeks felt. That is to say: they valued the feeling of power more highly than any kind of utility or good name."34 This suggests a political dimension to Nietzsche's critique. He is positing a provocative theory of action and power, and he is deliberately posing that theory as a challenge to the prevailing nineteenth century political theory of utilitarianism. He does so because to him utilitarianism is a democratic philosophy, which is to say that it is an ideology of the herd, and as such it is open to the same kinds of charges that Nietzsche levels against all democratic theories.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is in the context of this political critique that Nietzsche directs his attack against Mill specifically. He writes in the Will to Power: "Against John Stuart Mill.--I abhor his vulgarity, which says: 'What is right for one is fair for another'; 'what you would not, etc., do not unto others'; which wants to establish all human intercourse on the basis of mutual services, so that every action appears as a kind of payment for something done to us. The presupposition here is ignoble in the lowest sense: here an equivalence of value between my actions and yours is presupposed."35 Here we see a critique of Mill's egalitarianism that recalls Nietzsche's more general attack on the egalitarian principles of liberal democracy. Egalitarianism, like utilitarianism, is for Nietzsche a principle of the herd, and therefore to be condemned. It promotes social principles which are very much at odds with the new kind of subjectivity which Nietzsche wishes to advocate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As Nietzsche condemns the principle of "do not unto others," we also learn that there is a certain religious component to his critique of Mill. Indeed, this is central to the development of Nietzsche's political critique of Mill, for Nietzsche understands Mill's political philosophy as something which develops directly out of a Christian ethical sensibility. He writes: "'Do not unto others what you would not have them do unto you.' That counts as wisdom; that counts as prudence; that counts as the basis of morality--as the 'golden rule.' John Stuart Mill believes in it (and what Englishman does not?) But this rule does not brook the slightest attack."36 Nietzsche is no more tolerant of Mill's attempt to make the Christian "golden rule" into the basis for a political philosophy than he was of Kant's attempt to turn that rule into a secular, Enlightened ethical principle. Thus he writes of "the insipid and cowardly concept 'man' ? la Comte and Stuart Mill, perhaps even the object of a cult--It is still the cult of Christian morality under a new name--"37 On Nietzsche's reading, Mill's egalitarian politics merely secularizes the ethics of Christianity, while retaining the ideology of the herd that Nietzsche believes to be central to Christian thought. Nietzsche extends this critique from Mill to utilitarianism in general: "We discover the same phenomenon outside religion and philosophy: utilitarianism (socialism, democracy) criticizes the origin of moral evaluations, but it believes them just as much as the Christian does."38 We are reminded again here of Nietzsche's critique of Kant. For Nietzsche, one of the biggest problems with the Enlightenment was its inability to escape from the ethical heart of Christian theory, even as it attacked all the outer trappings of the Christian tradition. Ironically, this is exactly the same kind of trap that Nietzsche himself falls into, as he criticizes the Enlightenment while continuing to make use of some of its most important categories.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For Nietzsche, Mill represents the epitome of the belief in good and evil that has survived from Christianity and now infests the thought of the Enlightenment. Nietzsche writes: "one still believes in good and evil and experiences the triumph of the good and the annihilation of evil as a task (that is English; typical case: the flathead John Stuart Mill)."39 Mill's ethical thinking is, in Nietzsche's mind, naive and simplistic. It depends on a dualistic understanding of ethics which Nietzsche feels does not and cannot provide an accurate depiction of the world. It is this limitation which, Nietzsche feels, makes it impossible for Mill to develop any believable philosophy; he thus lists Mill among the "respectable but mediocre Englishmen--I name Darwin, John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer."40 As we shall see in Chapter Four below, Nietzsche is hardly placing Mill in good company. Darwin and Spencer represent for Nietzsche the decadence of nineteenth century Enlightened science. Mill represents a similar decadence, but a decadence of secularized Christian morality and the political philosophy based on that morality. Thus Nietzsche writes in a note from the Nachla?: "In England one remarks on how free-minded the highest sobriety in moral matter makes one: Spencer, Stuart Mill. But one ends up doing nothing but formulating one's moral feelings."41 Such attempts to codify pseudo-Christian moral sentiments, Nietzsche feels, cannot possibly be the basis for a legitimate philosophy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The misguided emphasis on a secularized, Enlightened kind of Christian moral sobriety has profound political consequences. Nietzsche writes in Daybreak: "In Germany it was Schopenhauer, in England John Stuart Mill who gave the widest currency to the teaching of the sympathetic affects and of pity or the advantage of others as the principle of behaviour: but they themselves wer
